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A STORY OF THREE PASSOVERS

A STORY OF THREE PASSOVERS. A fresh look at John’s Gospel. Key for interpretation. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ (Messiah), the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.

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A STORY OF THREE PASSOVERS

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  1. A STORY OF THREE PASSOVERS A fresh look at John’s Gospel

  2. Key for interpretation • But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ (Messiah), the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. (John 20: 31)

  3. What is “Passover” ? • Exodus 12 • “The first month of the year” = new calendar (v.2) • “A male lamb without defect” (v. 5) • Together slaughter the lambs on the14th of the month at twilight(v.6) • Put its blood on the doorframes of the houses (v.7) • Unleavened bread for 7 days from 14th to 21st (v.18) • Only for the circumcised Jews (v. 43)

  4. The first Passover • The first Passover in John’s gospel is found in 2:13–4: 54 • The cleansing / purification of the temple • Christ the Messiah is the Temple • “Destroy this temple and I will raise it again in three days…. But the temple he had spoken of was his body” (John 2:19, 21)

  5. Biblical concept of temple • The holy city / temple = Jerusalem • “The name of the city from that time on will be: THE LORD IS THERE ” (Ezk. 48:35) • “I did not see a temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple” (Rev. 21:22)

  6. The second Passover • The second Passover in John’s gospel is found in 6:4 • The feeding of the five thousand • Christ the Messiah is the heavenly Manna • “Our forefathers ate the manna in the desert” • Then Jesus declared, “I am the bread of life.” (John 6: 31, 35)

  7. The bread of life • “I am the bread of life” is the first of seven self-description of Jesus introduced by “I am” • In the Greek the words are solemnly emphatic and echo “ I AM who I AM” in Exodus 3:14 • The bread of life = the bread that gives life

  8. Heavenly manna • It was a popular Jewish expectation that when the Messiah came he would renew the sending of manna. • They felt Jesus had done little compared to Moses. • Jesus fed 5000 but Moses had fed a nation. • Jesus did it only once but Moses did it for 40 years. • Jesus gave ordinary bread but Moses gave “bread from heaven”.

  9. The true bread from heaven • Jesus corrected them, pointing out that the manna in the desert did not come from Moses but from God and today Father still “gives” (present tense) the true bread from heaven (life through the Son) • The true bread of heaven is the “bread of God” • “For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world” (6:33)

  10. The third Passover • The third Passover in John’s gospel is found in 19:14,31 • Death on the cross: Christ the Messiah is our sacrificial Lamb • John the Baptist : “Look, the Lamb of God” (1:29, 36) • The expression implies that Jesus is the sacrifice that will atone for the sins of the world

  11. Christ as sacrificial lamb • About the sixth hour (19:14). John uses the Roman clock while the other 3 gospels use Jewish time • Jesus was nailed to the cross at around 9 am • The period of darkness was from noon to 3 pm • Jesus took his last breath at “twilight” (from 3pm to sunset) same as in Exodus 12:6 • The people not allowed to work after sunset because of Sabbath rest (19:31)

  12. The lamb that was slain • “Who is worthy to break the seals and open the scroll? But no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth could open the scroll or even look inside it.” • “The I saw a Lamb, looking as if it had been slain, standing in the center of the throne…… He came and took the scroll from the right hand of him who sat on the throne” (Rev. 5: 2-3, 6-7) • Scroll records the history and the future of the world

  13. Further study of John’s gospel

  14. Tools for studying John’s gospel (1) • PLOT 3 Passovers (Jesus as Messiah) 7x “I AM” statements (who Jesus is) 7x miracles / signs (how to follow Jesus) • MISUNDERSTANDING / DOUBLE MEANING born again = born from above (ch. 3) thirst no more (ch.4)

  15. Tools for studying John’s gospel (2) • IRONY : Jesus asking Samaritan woman for water kingof Galilee (6:13) vsLord of universe (6:20) • CONTRAST : Samaritan woman with no little education (ch.4) understands but Nicodemus with much education did not (ch.3) • PERSONIFICATION : Jacob’s ladder (1:51), temple (2:21), 7x “I AM”

  16. Tools for studying John’s gospel (3) • REPETITION I saw the Spirit come down and remain (1:32) Where are you staying? (1:38, 39) Remain in me and I will remain in you (15:4-7)

  17. Finding OT in John’s gospel • In the beginning (1:1) • Tabernacle (1:14) • Not Isaiah but like Isaiah (1:21,23) • Jacob’s ladder (1:51) • “The third day” (2:1) • Passover (2:13,23) • Samaria (4:4), Jacob’s well (4:5-6), this mountain (4:20) • Sabbath (5:10) • Manna (6:31)

  18. Genealogy in the gospels • Matthew: Jesus is king. Hence he is the son of David (Mt.1:1), implying not only his royal descent but also a title for expected Messiah. • 14 generations from Abraham to David • 14 generations from David to Babylon • 14 generations from Babylon to Jesus (Mt. 1:17)

  19. Genealogy in the gospels • Mark: Jesus is servant. There is no need to talk about the genealogy of a servant, hence no genealogy • Luke: Jesus is man, hence he is the son of Adam (Luke 3:38) • John: Jesus is God incarnate, hence the genealogy traces all the way back to “in the beginning” (John 1:1) .

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