Baltic Sea Network for Management and Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources

1. Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources PLANT GENETIC CONSERVATION AND PLANT BREEDING IN POLAND Baltic Sea Network for Management and Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources 30th Nov. - 1st Dec. 2010 Tallinn, Estonia

2. Content • Questionnaire - basic information • Germplasm collections • Coverage • Structure • Partners • Accessions • Plant breeding • Organization • Crops • Use of wild species and land races

4. The national collection - crop categories/ plant and their wild relatives: Cereals (Triticum spp., Secale spp., Hordeum spp., Avena spp., Panicum spp., Zea mays, Fagopyrum spp.,triticale), Large seed legumes (main are: Pisum spp., Vicia spp., Glycine max, Phaseolus spp.), Small seed legumes (main are: Medicago spp., Trifolium spp. and other minor species), Grasses (pasture, lawn and ornamental), Oil plants (Brassica napus, Helianthus annuus, Papaversomniferum and other minor spp.), Sugar and pasture beet plants, Potato, Industrial plants (Humulus spp., Nicotiana spp., Linnum spp.), Fruit trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants (main are: Malus spp., Prunus spp., Cerasus spp., Persica spp., Corylus sp., Juglans regia L., Fragaria spp., Ribes nigrum spp., Rubus spp., Vitis spp., Vaccinium sp., Oxycoccus spp.), Vegetable plants and mushrooms (main are: Alium spp., Brassica spp., Raphanus spp., Asparagus spp., Lactuca spp, Antheum spp., Daucus spp., Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Phaseolus spp.,Licopersicon spp.), Medicinal and aromatic plants (main are: Hyssopus officinalis, Satureja montana, Thymus sp., Origanum vulgare, Hierochloë austral Roem. & Schult.,Armoracia rusticana, Rheum rhaponticum, Archangelica officinalis Hoffm., Centaurium umbellatum Gilib., Arnica montana L., Convallaria majalis L., Asarum europaeum L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L., Spreng., Adonis vernalis L., Colchicum autumnale L., Asperula odorata L., Helichrysum arenarium sp.). Ornamental plants (main are: Lilium spp., Narcissus spp., Tulipa spp., Gladiolus spp.), Alternative plants (for use as source of energy, for recultivation of devastated lands by industry, Weedy endangered species.

5. Weedy species collection • Galeopsis tetrahit L. • Lithospermum L. • Lolium remotum Schrank • Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. • Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. • Papaver L. • Scleranthus annus Knawel • Silene L. • Spergula arvensis L. • Thlaspi arvense L. • Valerianella Mill. • Veronica L. • Vicia L. • Agrostemma githago L. • Agrostemma L. • Anagallis arvensis L. • Anchusa L. • Arenaria serpyllifolia L. • Briza L. • Bromus L. • Camelina Crantz • Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. • Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. • Centaurea cyanus L. • Consolida Gray • Digitaria Haller • Erodium L'Hér. • Euphorbia L. • Fumaria L.

6. * Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – Radzików, (PBAI), Institute of Vegetable Crops Skierniewice, (IVC), Institute of Pomology and Floriculture – Skierniewice, (IPF), Research Institute of Medicinal Plants – Poznań, (IMP), Institute of Natural Fibres – Poznań (INF), University of Life Science – Lublin, (ULS), University of Life Science – Poznań (ULSP), Warsaw University of Life Science – Warsaw (SGGW) Botanical Garden of Polish Academy of Science – Powsin (OB), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – Puławy (ISSPC), Institute of Plant Genetic of Polish Academy of Science – Poznań (IGR), Arboretum and Institute of Physiography in Bolestraszyce (ARB), Associatin of the Chełminski and Nadwislański Scienic Parks – Świecie (SP)

7. Partners Plant Institute of Plant Genetic of Polish Academy of Science in Poznań, Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Institute of Vegetable Crops in Skierniewice, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy, Research Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants in Poznań, Botanical Garden of Polish Academy of Science in Powsin, Warsaw University of Life Science in Warsaw, University of Life Science in Lublin, University of Life Science in Olsztyn, University of Life Science in Poznań, Experimrntal Station in Baranowo, Association of the Chełminski and Nadwislański Scienic Parks in Świecie, Arboretum and Institute of Physiography in Bolestraszyce, Plant Breeding Ltd. Co. in Palikije, Plant Breeding Ltd. Co. In Tulce, , Plant Breeding Smolice Ltd. Co - IHAR Group, Plant Breeding Strzelce Ltd. Co. - IHAR Group.

8. 15 breeding companies under supervision of Agency for Agriculture Real Estate Management • „DANKO” PB Ltd. Co. in Choryn – cereals, turnip, beans, Amaranthus • HRR PB Ltd. Co. in Kobierzyce - cereals, sweet and fodder maize • MHR PB Ltd. Co in Kraków- cereals, fagopyrum, grasses legumes, sainfoin (Onobrichis) , fodder beet, fodder carrot • KHBC PB Ltd. Co. in Staszkowie – sugar beet, sorgo • PB Ltd. Co. Szelejewo - cereals, grasses, large seed legumes , lucerne • PB Ltd. Co. In Tulce – cereals grasses, pulses, small seed legumes, Phacelia blue • PMHZ PB Ltd. Co. in.Strzekęcinie - potato • PB Ltd. Co. in Szyldak - potato • PHiRO Ltd.Co. w Krzeszowicach - tomato • PB Ltd. Co. Bronisze - ornamental plants • PB Ltd. Co. Polan in Krakowie – vegetables, ornamental plants • „Spójnia” HiNO Ltd.Co. in Nochowie - vegetables • PlantiCo Ltd. Co in Zielonki – vegetables, ornamental plants

9. Plant Breeding companies - IHAR Group • Plant Breeding Smolice Ltd. Co. - 3 stations maize,bread and durum wheat, rye, triticale, barley lupine, double low rape, also maintenance breeding and seed production • Plant Breeding Strzelce Ltd. Co. - 4 stations spring andwinter wheat, spring barley, oat, triticale, faba bean,winter and spring rapeseed • Plant Breeding Bartażek Ltd. Co. grasses and small seed legumes - forage grasses,- turf grasses • Plant Breeding Zamarte Ltd. Co. potato varieties suitable for processing technologies

10. Use of PGRFA from polish collections Podmioty: hodowcy, rolnicy, instytuty naukowe, banki genów, ogrody botaniczne, jednostki samorządowe, fundacje, depozyty patentowe 600 distributed to breeders

11. Major constraints to the use of genetic resources • Polish breeding companies, although rich in tradition, skills and successes, are uncertain of the future. Recent adjustment of the national policy to that of EU created a critical situation in plant breeding, because no effective system of financing breeding activities has been established to replace the previous one of state budget support. Creation of a market system ensuring a profit from the released cultivars requires more time. In this situation breeders more eagerly reject any activities, which will not deliver new cultivars in relatively short time. • The breeders, restricted in their ability to take risk, expect from collaborating scientists high quality enhanced materials. They would like to have the back-crossing series completed and the desired characters separated from the negative side effects and correlations. Otherwise they tend rather to reject the material than to continue its improvement.

12. Use of wild species and land races (incomplete) Cereals and grasses • Triticum aestivum, T.durum- Haynaldia villosa, Triticum Tauschi, T. speltoides, T .monococcum,T. dicoccoides, T. ovatum, T. triuncialis, T. monococcum, Aegilops ventricosa, A. juvenalis, A. kotschyi (resistance to fungal diseases and pests, resistance to drought and sprouting, protein quantity and quality, new protein subunits for baking quality), • x Triticosecale–T. timopheevi (male-sterilizing cytoplasm) • Hordeum vulgare - local forms from north-eastern Africa, Middle East and Southern Asia (disease resistance) • Secale cereale -Haynaldia villosa S. cereale, ssp.ancestrale, ssp. dighoricum, ssp. afghanicum, ssp. segetale, S. vavilovii, S. silvestre, S.strictum, (disease resistance, male sterility, milling and baking quality) • Lolium multiflorum, L. perenne - Festuca arundinacea (resistance to drought and low temperatures), Festuca pratensis (resistance to diseases and low temperatures, durable green mass),wild Polish ecotypes of L. perenne(rust resistance, turf quality) • Deschampsia caespitosa(tufted hairgrass) – wild Polish ecotypes (rust resistance, turf quality)

13. Legumes • Pisum sativum - Pisum fulvum (ascochyta blight resistance), Pisum elatius, P. abyssinicum • Lupinus luteus - wild populations from Iberian peninsula ,L. hispanicus (ascochyta blight resistance) • Lupinus angustifolius - wild forms from the Mediterranean region (ascochyta blight resistance) Vegetables • Capsicum annuum - Capsicum frutescens (fruit size and dry • matter content), C. chinense (capsaicinoides content, • resistance to viral diseases) • Allium cepa- A. fistulosum, A. roylei (mildew resistance) • Solanum tuberesum - S. gourlayi, S. megistacrolobum, S. tarijense, • S.vernei, S. yungasense, (starch content, resistance to viral diseases), S. microdontum, S. phureja, S. verrucosum, S. stenotomum, S. michoacanum S. nigrum, S. stoloniferum, S. demissum (resistance to late blight and viral diseases)

14. Other • Brassica napus - Brassica campestris (male sterility), B. oleracea ssp. botrytis (increase of erucic acid content) • Rhododendron catawbiense,R. yakushimanum - Rhododendron aureum, R. brachycarpum,R.. purdomii (winterhardiness, variation) • Nicotioana tabacum- Nicotiana alata (resistance to TSWV virus), N.africana (PVY virus resistance), N. wuttkei (male sterility)

15. Projects related to the utilization of genetic resources in 2008

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