Competency Goal #1

1. Competency Goal #1 Investigate the foundations of the American political system and explore basic values and principles of American democracy

2. Competency Goal #1 • Objective 1.01 = Describe how geographic diversity influenced economic and political life in colonial North America. • Major Concepts • Regional divisions in the colonies • Economic growth • Colonial social structures • Political / Government structure • Ethnic and Religious Diversity

3. New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Jamestown Plantation system Mercantilism Indentured Servants Slavery Middle Passage Triangular Trade Route Pilgrims Puritans Quakers Catholics American Indians Religious dissenters Bacon’s Rebellion Town Meetings Joint-Stock / Proprietary / Royal /Self-Governing Colonies Salem Witch Trials Objective 1.01Terms

4. Competency Goal #1 • Objective 1.04 = Elaborate on the emergence of an American identity. • Major Concepts • Separation of Church and State • Institution of Slavery • Religious pluralism • Consent of the Governed

5. Slave Trade Suffrage Nationalism Land Ownership Objective 1.04Terms

6. North American Colonization • The rise of nation-states in Europe created national rivalries, with nations attempting to out-do one another. • With the Protestant Reformation there came religious conflict; each nation wanted to spread it religion – Protestant V. Catholic.

7. Spain Spain developed great empires in the New World. The Spanish established New Spain mainly in Mexico and South America, but also in the southern United States.

8. Spain • As Spain established its rule, the monarchs named a viceroy, a governor who ruled in the name of the Crown. • The land was divided into large estates called encomiendas, which were later abolished and replaced by haciendas. • They established outposts that later became towns. • The dominating feature of these towns was the cathedral -- in the middle of the town square

9. Spain • In 1565, Spain established St. Augustine and Santa Fe in 1605. • The Spanish also established governments and religious institutions. • Spanish settlers and Indians intermarried, and these people of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry were called mestizos.

10. France The French settled in North America along the St. Lawrence River and the northern Great Lakes. They came to the New World to fish off the coast of Newfoundland, trap furs and spread Catholicism.

11. France • In 1608, the first French settlement Quebec was founded. • The French also established the settlement of Montreal, St. Louis, Detroit, and New Orleans.

12. France • New France was sparsely populated for many different reasons. • 1. Only allowed Catholics in the new territory, excluding French Protestants. • 2. Found there were no great fortunes to be made in gold and silver. • 3. Did not come to be farmers and settle down, they came to be fur traders. • 4. Settlers had no chance of self-government.

13. France • The French eventually lost their possessions in North America in 1763. • The loss was the result of the French and Indian War against England.

14. Dutch Dutch colonization was entrusted to the Dutch West India Company which founded the New Netherlands in America in 1621.

15. Dutch • The Dutch were interested in fur trade and settled along the Hudson River. • They started the settlements of New Amsterdam which included present-day New York City, Albany, Long Island, and New Jersey.

16. England The 1st English colony was sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh. Raleigh founded Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina in 1585. But after a year of deprivation and starvation, the colonists went home.

17. England • In 1607, the Virginia Company established Jamestown. • These settlers were not prepared for the hardships they faced, and many died. • But in 1612, John Rolfe found tobacco to be the cash crop they needed and hardships were overcome. • The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company which operated on a charter from the Crown.

18. England • Starting in 1630, many Puritans decided to move from England to America. • Some 60,000 English emigrated during the next decade and 20,000 of those went to New England. • These Puritans felt they had an agreement with God to build a holy society. • It was a society that emphasized duty, honesty, hard work, and moderation in drinking and dress

19. England • Their way should not be confused with religious tolerance – as the Puritans were very intolerant of those who did not believe as they did. • The Puritan Commonwealth lasted until 1690 when the Crown took over Massachusetts and it became a royal colony.

20. England • In 1664, the English sailed into New Amsterdam and took control of the Dutch colony with very little force. • The English were different settlers: they came with families, started farms and established towns from the very start. • They also brought along their ideas of English law and self-government. • The English made 3 colonies out of the former Dutch possessions and settled ten of their own

21. England • The English came to the New World for many reasons: • economic • religious freedom • political strife • government tyranny.

22. England • Many effects of New World colonization are still apparent. • First there was a cultural impact. • Today, French is considered an official language of Canada and can also be heard in the city of New Orleans (a former French city) • English is spoken in the U.S., but Spanish is also spoken in the southern reaches of our country. • The Spanish influence is also apparent in Latin American and south America. • When the language was adopted, so was the religion

23. England • This is why almost all of South American belongs to the Catholic Church. • Louisiana, Texas, California, and parts of Florida are heavily Catholic. • The eastern seaboard states were mostly Protestant until new waves of immigration added different religions.

24. England • Other aspects of culture, such as architecture and law, were influenced by these early explorers. • The city of St. Augustine, Florida is the oldest European-settled city in the New World and displays Spanish architecture. • The law of the Stat of Louisiana is based in part on Old French law

25. Colonial Society 13 Colonies

26. Colonial Society • The American colonies were established for the overall benefit of England under an economic systems called MERCANTILISM. • According to mercantilist theory, colonies would assure raw materials for England and markets for English manufacturers, trade partners for English merchants and make profits for the English treasury.

27. Colonial Society • The 13 colonies were divided into 3 groups according to their economic and social patterns. • New England Colonies • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

28. Colonial Society • The New England colonies which consisted of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. • These colonies were settled by the Puritans as a religious haven, and their government supported the Puritan Church. • The Puritan leaders (upper class) did not tolerate disagreement with Puritan beliefs and practices.

29. Colonial Society

30. Colonial Society • They believed in hard work and avoided idleness, extravagance and vanity. • They considered dancing and card playing frivolous. • They were more apt to be hardworking, successful in business, thrifty and concerned with accumulating material wealth.

31. Colonial Society • New Englanders settled in towns around their church and had schools in which everyone read the Bible. • New Englanders’ farms were worked to provide food for the Puritans who were not interested in selling their crops.

32. Colonial Society • Geography played an important role in the economic life of all the colonists. • The forest provided lumber which was exported or used for ship building. • They also used what were called the triangular trade routes. • They imported slaves from Africa to the West Indies and traded them for the sugar and molasses that was shipped to New England to make rum. The rum was shipped back to Africa and sold to Africans for slaves.

33. Colonial Society http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g5s_u3/index.html#top http://www.nmm.ac.uk/freedom/viewTheme.cfm/theme/triangular

34. Colonial Society • The Middle Colonies which consisted of Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, were called the bread basket colonies. • Had fertile land and a climate suitable for growing corn, wheat, and oats.

35. Colonial Society • They traded among themselves as well as England. • People in the Middle Colonies were a mixture, unlike the Puritans of New England. • They were mainly English, but there were Germans, Swedish, and Dutch settlements. • Their populations included Jews, Catholics, and Quakers, along with Protestants. • Because of this cultural pluralism, they were more tolerant of differences of opinion.

36. Colonial Society • In the Southern Colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, people lived on farms and the settlements were scattered. • Education was either taught at home or children were sent away to school. • The Southern colonies had slave labor and traded primarily with England.

37. Colonial Society

38. Colonial Society • These colonies had 3 social classes. • The classes were not hereditary as they were in England, and colonists could move up and down. • The Aristocracy was based on wealth and education. • It consisted of planters, merchants, clergy, lawyers and printers. • The middle class consisted of skilled workers and small farmers. • The lower class consisted of indentured servants and slaves.

39. Colonial Society • The 13 colonies were classified as: • Royal • Proprietary • Charter • Some of them began as one classification, but were later changed for one reason or another.

40. Colonial Society • Royal Colonies: • Controlled by the Crown • The governor was appointed by the king and voting was decided by land ownership, not church membership. • The King also appointed the members of the governor’s council, the upper house of the colonial legislature.

41. Colonial Society • Proprietary Colonies: • Ruled by the men to whom the land had been granted. • The owners appointed their own governor, and the people elected their own legislature. • William Penn had loaned money to the English Royal family and to repay him they gave him land in the New World – Pennsylvania (Penn’s Woods). • Charles II of England granted the Carolina charter (North and South Carolina) in 1663. • The Province of Carolina was chartered by eight Lord Proprietors who had full governing rights

42. Colonial Society • Charter Colonies: • Promoted through private enterprise under charters granted by the king. • The colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony, etc…) were all granted the right to govern themselves.

43. Colonial Society • Joint-Stock Companies: • The colony of Jamestown was formed to make money for their investors. • These Joint-Stock companies became the forerunners of today’s modern corporations. • As a result of their pooled resources. Spices, gold, jewels, tobacco, chocolate and other desirable items were taken to Europe for sale at high profits.

44. Colonial Society • Europeans were introduced to new foods such as corn and potatoes. • In turn, Europeans brought over horses, cows, and other animals that helped earl settlers produce their goods more efficiently. • Late on, trade rivalries developed as competition became a factor. • Eventually large plantations were formed to produce goods.

45. Colonial Society • Southern Plantations were very efficient because of cheap labor as a result of participation in the slave trade.

46. Colonial Society • Rum, tobacco, and gunpowder were sold to African tribal rulers in exchange for captured slave. • Slaves were treated inhumanely on their trip to the New World and were usually forced to work on plantations in the Caribbean and the southern United States.

47. Middle Passage

48. Colonial Society • Native Americans were sometimes treated with respect. • Columbus tried to be friend all groups he came into contact with. • However, most colonists treated the natives brutally. • Those who refused to convert to Christianity were killed so that the Europeans could take over.

49. Colonial Society • Land and resources were taken away with little, if any, payment. • Entire villages of native were forced into slavery.

50. Colonial Society • Overall, the colonization of the New World was considered to be a positive change for Europe. • It increased the power, wealth, and prestige of European countries. • It took many years for the descendants of the Europeans to realize the wrongs that had been committed in the process of expansion.