Foundations of American Democracy: Colonial Life and Diversity

1. Competency Goal 1 Investigate the foundations of the American political system and explore basic values and principles of American democracy

2. Competency Goal 1 • Objective 1.01 = Describe how geographic diversity influenced economic, social, and political life in colonial North America.

3. CompetencyGoal 1 • Objective 1.04: Elaborate on the emergence of an American identity

4. Competency Goal 1Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • Regional Divisions in the Colonies • Early British colonies were divided intoNorthern, Middle, and Southern. Northern: Referred to as New England Mass., N.H., Conn., and R.I. Middle: NY, NJ, Penn, Del. Southern: MD, VA, NC, SC, GA.

5. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • Ethnic & Religious Pluralism • Jamestown founded in 1607: 1st successful English colony in N. America. • Other early American colonies founded in the 1600s – Most by religious dissenters (people who did not agree w/ the Church of England) • Pilgrims: Arrived on the Mayflower in Mass 1620 • Puritans: Arrived 10yrs after Pilgrims • Catholics founded Maryland in 1634: Passed Maryland’s Religious Toleration Act 1649. • Law early ex of Separation of Church and State

6. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • 1636 Roger Williams, a Puritan Dissenter Founded R.I. on the principle of complete religious toleration • Quakers Settled in Penn. 1682, led by William Penn. Religious Diversity major defining factor in early colonies

7. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • Land & Labor • Land divided differently in South and North. • South: Holdings were usually larger b/c of the larger area available to raise crops. • North: Smaller parcels: making up just what each family needed to raise own food supply. • The northern colonies became manufacturing and trading centers. • South concentrated on Ag.

8. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • Land ownership in the S. was concentrated in hands of small group of wealthy families. • Early yrs = labor supply from indentured servants. • Work for landowner for 4 to 7 yrs. Became free after their indentured period was over. Met labor needs for much of the 17th Century.

9. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • Late 1600s: rise in demand for labor in Europe. Less number of people willing to leave Europe therefore, system of slavery increased to meet demand for labor in colonies

10. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • The Institution of Slavery • Slaves in colonies as early as 1619 (Jamestown) • The highest concentration was in South. • Plantation system: A cheep labor supply was needed to harvest crops • Slaves became property of landowners & were not paid for their labor • Fed & given housing, but no other rights as other citizens had. • By 1660s, colonies had laws regulating slaves. • 1680’s slave trade was thriving • West Africans were kidnapped & forced onto ships that took them across the Atlantic O. to the New World. • “Triangular Trade Route” b/t E, W. Africa, and N.A (West Indies as well)

11. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • Political & Social Structure • In New England, male landowning resident of a town would hold town meetings • One of the earliest forms of Democracy in the American colonies. • Participants decided on laws, policy, and action by direct popular vote (Direct Democracy) • Government was based on the consent of the people (Popular Sovereignty)

12. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • In the original colonies (such as the Mass. Bay Colony) suffrage, or the right to vote, existed among male church members.

13. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • Impact of Religion • Religion was a dominant part of people’s lives in early America. • Those who strayed from the dominant church’s teachings were punished (Salem Witch Trials 1692) • Surprising, considering that religious freedom was basis for the founding of the country

14. Objectives 1.01 & 1.04 • The Rise of Nationalism • Stirrings of Nationalism (loyalty to a group w/ such shared characteristics as country or culture) • Nathaniel Bacon clashed w/ William Berkeley (a Royal Gov) • Bacon wanted to make further war w/ the American Indians. Believed colonists had more of a right to the land than did the native occupants. • Bacon & followers burned Jamestown in what is known as Bacon’s Rebellion: incident often considered a forerunner to the American Revolution

15. New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Jamestown Plantation System Mercantilism Indentured Servants Slavery Middle Passage Triangular Trade Route Pilgrims Puritans Quakers Catholics American Indian Religious dissenters Bacon’s Rebellion Town meetings Objective 1.01 Terms

16. Competency Goal 1(Objective 1.01) • On a separate sheet of paper. Define the terms that you have written down from the pervious slide. • Use each term in a sentence.

17. Competency Goal 1(Objective 1.01) • Term Example • New England: One of the three regional divisions in colonial North America. • The region of New England is made up of the colonies of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

18. Objective 1.01 & 1.04 • Create a map of Colonial North America • Label the following: The 13 colonies, The 3 regions of Colonial North America, The Atlantic Ocean, Jamestown • Color in 3 Colonial regions.