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Creating Whole Communities LISC’S 2nd Community Development Symposium Whole Neighborhoods … One Milwaukee October 26, 2013. Creating Whole Communities. Todd Swanstrom Des Lee Professor of Community Collaboration and Public Policy Administration University of Missouri-St. Louis .
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Creating Whole Communities LISC’S 2nd Community Development SymposiumWhole Neighborhoods … One Milwaukee October 26, 2013 Creating Whole Communities Todd SwanstromDes Lee Professor of Community Collaboration and Public Policy AdministrationUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis
Rising Inequality Across Space Percentage Change in Median Household Income, 1979-2010 (adjusted for inflation)
Rising Poverty Poverty Rate, All of Metro Milwaukee and City of Milwaukee, 1979-2010
Ratio of Growth in Housing Units to Growth in Households, 1990-2000 7. St. Louis 1.70 15. Milwaukee 1.39
What Can Community Development Do in the Face of National and Regional Trends? • Build Mixed-Income Communities Through Asset- Based Community Development • 2. Connect Low-Income Residents to Regional Opportunity Structures • 3. Link Place-Based Initiatives to People-Based Services
I. Building Mixed-Income Communities Through Asset-Based Community Development Assets Opportunities Problems Deficits
Opportunity: Changing Demographics and Demand for Housing More Elderly Fewer "Ozzie & Harriet" Families Smaller households
Competitive Advantage of Older Urban Neighborhoods Most Walkable Neighborhoods in the City of Milwaukee
What Explains Success of Central West End? • Connectivity • Amenities • Anchor Institutions
But Is the Central West End a Classic Case of Gentrification?
The Concentrated Poverty “Tax” Effect of Moving From High-Poverty to Low-Poverty Community Loss of wages ................................................ $3,000 Cost of cashing payroll checks ....................... $789 More expensive groceries ................................ $453 More expensive homeowner’s insurance ….... $200 Higher cost of car insurance ............................. $400 TOTAL ............................................................... $4,842
II. Linking Low-Income Communities to Regional Opportunity Structures: The Case of 24:1
Pagedale • Population: 3,304 (- 8.6 % since 2000) • 27 % poverty rate • 40 % female-headed households • 17 % unemployment rate (2012) • Few decent-paying jobs
Early Childhood Space 56 % of incoming students are not ready for kindergarten (Brigance Test) Over 40 daycare providers No communication between school district and daycare providers
Place-Based Collective Impact: Five-by-Five • Collective Impact • “Backbone Organization:” Beyond Housing • Place-based Component: 24:1 Initiative Reinforces Five-by-Five • Bringing daycare facilities up to code • Reduction of social isolation through community engagement • Free $500 College Savings Account and $4,500 Viking Advantage IDA • Housing repairs and reduced mobility
Conclusion: What Are the Three Most Important Prerequisites for Creating Whole Communities? Capacity Capacity Capacity!