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HTM 304 Fall 07

Introduction to Management Information Systems Chapter 5 Data Communications and Internet Technology. HTM 304 Fall 07. Content. 5-layer Architecture for Communication Internet Enterprise Network Wireless. Last Time: The 5-Layer Model. Hardware Layer: Set the devices

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HTM 304 Fall 07

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  1. Introduction to Management Information SystemsChapter 5 Data Communications and Internet Technology HTM 304 Fall 07

  2. Content • 5-layer Architecture for Communication • Internet • Enterprise Network • Wireless

  3. Last Time: The 5-Layer Model Hardware Layer: Set the devices ready for communication.

  4. Layer 3: Internet Layer • Runs the IP protocol • Data received from the above layers are divided into packets. • Key design issue – to determine how packets are routed from source to destination. • Routing: selecting paths – shorter route, avoiding heavy traffic, etc. • Router: special-purpose computing devices that process IP protocol – examine the destination IP addresses and decide where to send them.

  5. IP Address (IPv4) • Layer 3 handles IP address. • The Logical Addresses • Assigned when you get online, not permanently tied with the MAC address • Why? Don’t have to update every time a NIC is changed • An IP address is four bytes, totally 32 bits. • How many in total? • You can either specify your IP address (as most of the company’s server), or let the ISP assign one dynamically.

  6. IPv6 • Windows Vista has adopted IPv6. • Totally 128 bits (=16 bytes) instead of 32 bits (=4 bytes) • How many total IPv6 addresses? 2128 3.4 * 1038 addresses • Approximately 5 * 1028 addresses * 6.5 billion people alive today. • Example of address: (8 Hexadecimal digits) 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334

  7. Exercise: Find your IP address • How to find your IP address? • “start”  “run”: type “cmd” and click ok, the command prompt window will pop up • Type command “ipconfig” to observe the report • Use “ping” command to check the connectivity between two computers

  8. Router – 3rd Layer Equipment Packets: Original IP – source IP + Data Computer A Computer B Frames: Original MAC – Next MAC + Packets Router A (can actually many) Data Link Data Link

  9. Explain: Why Router? – handle address Can be substituted by a computer with routing Programs installed. Multiple NICs needed.

  10. Layer 4 Transport Layer • Handles transport protocol: TCP or UDP – software protocols Once paths from computer A to B is found, an end-to-end connection is established on the 4th layer. Meaning data can be transferred. Data Link Data Link Point-to-point Router A (can actually many) Computer A Computer B

  11. Layer 4 Protocols • TCP: Transmission Control Protocol • Receive data and transmission request from Layer 5 (application layer) • Send communication request to layer 3, layer 3 will then find one or more route to the destination computer. • Destination computer send acknowledge back, indicating there is end-to-end connection. • Break data from layer 5 into segments, and send each segments with confirmation. (destination computer send acknowledge upon receiving every segment) • UDP: User Datagram Protocol • Designed for short messages • Does almost everything the same as the TCP, except not requesting confirmation. • Faster, more efficient for short messages and time-sensitive application

  12. Layer 5 The Application Layer • Layer 5 protocols for applications such as browsers, email, file transfer, etc. • A standard email protocol Simple Mail Transfer (SMTP) • Web page processing Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • It governs how applications work with each other. (e.g. Firefox v.s. IE 7)

  13. Review of the 5 layers • See your handout

  14. Review the Data Process

  15. Exercise • Which of the following is referred to as the network cable? • Coaxial Cable • Fiber Optic Cable • Unshielded Twisted Pair • Twisted Pair Copper

  16. More exercise? • What is the name of data unit transferred on the 2nd layer? • Packet • Bytes • Package • Frame • Segment

  17. Explain IEEE 802? • Which of the following standard in IEEE 802 is referred to as Ethernet? • IEEE 802.11 • IEEE 802.15 • IEEE 802.3 • IEEE 802.5

  18. Describe the three topologies mainly used to connect a LAN. Describe the pros and cons. • Which one can be extended to a large geographic area • Which topology corresponds to the Ethernet? • Describe the difference between an “end-to-end” connection and a “point-to-point” connection?

  19. Multiple Choices • __________ contains the destination computer’s IP address in its header. • A frame • A segment • A packet • An email message

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