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Intro to Earth science. Mr. Gift Earth/Environmental Science. What is Earth Science?. The study of the earth and the universe (multiverse) around it Multiverse? – our universe is only one of multiple universes Several different branches of Earth Science in order to cover all aspects.
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Intro to Earth science Mr. Gift Earth/Environmental Science
What is Earth Science? • The study of the earth and the universe (multiverse) around it • Multiverse? – our universe is only one of multiple universes • Several different branches of Earth Science in order to cover all aspects
Lithosphere (geology) • Origin, history, and structure of the solid earth • Natural resources • Forces within earth • Fossils to learn about earth’s past
Hydrosphere (oceanography) • Study of earth’s water (3/4 of earth’s surface) • Oceans, rivers, groundwater, water vapor • Oceanography – study of oceans and life in oceans
Atmosphere (meteorology) • Study of Earth’s gases • Weather patterns • Weather forecasts • Climate Change
Biosphere (Ecology) • Study of the complex relationships between living things and the environment • Balancing the environment • Pollution and its affects on the planet • Ecosystem – community of organisms and the environment they inhabit • Biosphere – all life on earth and physical environment which supports it
Environmental Issues • All of these branches of Earth science have environmental issues • We will be studying the following: • Water shortages/pollution • Climate Change • Species degradation/extinction • Overpopulation/Ecological Footprint
Astronomy • Study of universe beyond earth • Oldest branch • Ancient Babylonians charted planet positions 4,000 years ago
The Beginning... • ...of the universe • Time and matter • What is matter • What is the difference/similarities of matter and energy • What is time?
Big Bang Theory • EXPANDING Universe – rewind it...what happens • Lead scientists to believe Universe was together at one time
Big Bang Theory • All matter and energy compressed into extremely small volume • 14 billion years ago (??) sudden event (big bang) sent all matter and energy hurling outward • As cloud expanded, matter gathered into clumps and evolved into galaxies
Our place in the universe The Size of our Universe and Our Place in the Cosmos
Where do we live? • We obviously live on the planet earth • Earth Revolves around our start called the Sun • One of multiple planets in our solar system
Our Solar system • Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun in our SOLAR SYSTEM • Approximately 100 billion stars in our galaxy
Our Galaxy • Our Solar System is located in the Milky Way Galaxy • Galaxy - a large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space • Approximately 100-200 billion galaxies in the universe
Local Group • Cluster of Galaxies in a “smaller” area • Ours includes 54 galaxies (including our own)
Universe • Totality of existence,[including planets, stars, galaxies the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy.
Size of our Universe • On Earth, we use miles or km for measurement • Earth’s circumference at the equator is 24,901 miles (40,075 km)
Size of our Universe • In our solar system, we use Astronomical Units (AU) • 1 AU is approximately 150 million km • Earth is 1 AU from the sun • Neptune is 30.07 AU from the sun (4.5 billion km)
Size of our Universe • In the Universe we use light years (ly) • Light year – How far light can travel in one year • Light travels 300,000 m/s • 1 light year (ly) = 9.46 trillion km • Ex: the Milky Way is between 100,000 and 120,000 light years across