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PROCESS OF DIGESTION

PROCESS OF DIGESTION. Chapter 38-2 Biology 392. Digestive System. Function Structure Movement Processes a. Digestion i. Mechanical ii. Chemical b. Absorption 5. Disorders. FUNCTION. Breaking down large food molecules into smaller nutrients. INGESTION DIGESTION PERISTALSIS

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PROCESS OF DIGESTION

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  1. PROCESS OF DIGESTION Chapter 38-2 Biology 392

  2. Digestive System • Function • Structure • Movement • Processes a. Digestion i. Mechanical ii. Chemical b. Absorption 5. Disorders

  3. FUNCTION Breaking down large food molecules into smaller nutrients. INGESTION DIGESTION PERISTALSIS ABSORPTION DEFECATION

  4. STRUCTURE “FOOD TUBE” ACCESSORY ORGANS Teeth Salivary Glands Pancreas Liver Gall bladder • Mouth • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine

  5. MOVEMENT • Mouth Moistens & tears food, results in BOLUS  “chewed clump of food” • Esophagus  Bolus moves through tube by PERISTALSIS  rhythmic contractions • Sphincters  tight rings of muscles that close and open to separate the different organs • CARDIAC SPHINCTER • Stomach  after churning, food is liquefied = CHYME • PYLORIC SPHINCTER

  6. MOVEMENT (cont.) • Peristalsis  movement through small intestine • Absorption through villi of small intestine into blood stream  nutrients travel everywhere! • Go to all cells of body (brain is the priority) • Proteins & Carbs go into blood • Most fats go into lymphatic system • Water is absorbed in large intestine • Undigested material passes through rectum • Leaves body through anus

  7. PROCESS OF DIGESTION MECHANICAL CHEMICAL Chemical change Enzymes break bonds of food molecules Enzymes are made and used by organs Not always the same Each enzyme is specific to a type of macromolecule Carb, fat or protein • Physical change • Breaking food into smaller parts by ripping, churning • TEETH  tear & crush • STOMACH  churns

  8. Where does Digestion occur?What Nutrient is Digested?

  9. ABSORPTION • After Polymers are broken into Monomers, they must “enter” the body & be circulated. • Absorbed across the cell membranes of each cell lining the small intestine • Surface area of S.I. is increased by folds • Villi and microvilli

  10. ABSORPTION cont. • Water is also absorbed • Occurs across the wall of the Large Intestine • All that is left is concentrated waste • Undigested material • Cellulose, fiber

  11. ELIMINATION • Undigested moves through large intestine and is held in rectum until it is eliminated

  12. DISORDERS • Heartburn  stomach acid enters esophagus because of weak cardiac sphincter • Peptic Ulcer  Hole in stomach wall caused by Helicobacter pylori. The pain is caused by the acid. • Diarrhea  Not enough water is absorbed • Constipation  Too much water is absorbed • Diabetes  Glucose cannot enter cells of body very well, therefore glucose cannot get turned into energy!!

  13. Diabetes • 6th killer in America (and rising) • Pancreas cannot produce insulin or the body does not use it properly • Insulin is a hormone that decreases the amount of sugar in the blood by helping it enter the cells of the body. • Glucose does not enter cells easily, insulin must “act like a butler” and bind to a cell membrane protein to help it in.

  14. SUMMARY QUESTIONS • What are the 2 types of digestion? • Where does digestion begin? • Where does MOST digestion happen? • Where do nutrients enter the rest the of the body? (i.e.  leave the GI tract)

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