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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Patterns of Medieval Life. “Medieval”. Issues regarding periodization : How long did the Middle Ages last? When did it start and end? From whose view is the period in the “middle”?. Rome’s Three Heirs. Byzantium Islam Latin Christendom. Languages. Byzantium: Greek

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Patterns of Medieval Life

  2. “Medieval” • Issues regarding periodization: • How long did the Middle Ages last? • When did it start and end? • From whose view is the period in the “middle”?

  3. Rome’s Three Heirs • Byzantium • Islam • Latin Christendom

  4. Languages • Byzantium: Greek • Islam: Arabic • Latin Christendom: Latin

  5. Latin Christendom

  6. Three Traditions • 1. Classical: Greco-Roman • 2. Judeo-Christian • 3. Germanic

  7. Germanic Tribes

  8. Germanic-Roman Relations • The Germans were barbarians in Roman eyes, but they were not therefore savages.

  9. Germanic Invasions • 406 Vandals invaded Gaul, Spain, and North Africa. • 410 Rome was sacked by Visigoths. • 455 Rome was sacked by Vandals. • 476 Western Roman emperor was deposed by Germanic tribes. • c.500 Anglo-Saxon tribes invaded England. (Fiero 244)

  10. Early Christian World and the Barbarian Invasions, ca. 500 http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/297fd9bf21887234f4ec.jpg

  11. Success of German Invasions • How did the Germans triumph so easily? --The Roman armies were depleted. --The Romans were not zealous about defending themselves.

  12. Impact • The Germanic conquests accelerated a process of urban decay that was already well advanced. • Values of the Germanic warring culture, such as the bond of fealty, and the practice of rewarding warriors with land or spoils of battle, would become fundamental to medieval feudalism. (Fiero 244)

  13. The Huns, 451

  14. The End of the Western Empire, 476 (After the barbarian king of Italy Odoacer disposed the last Emperor Romulus Augustulus)

  15. Germanic Kingdoms

  16. Germanic Literature

  17. Beowulf • About 700 • Originated among the Anglo-Saxons • Old English http://www.lone-star.net/literature/beowulf/beowulf2.htm

  18. Beowulf: Plot Summary • See http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/beowulf/shortsumm.html • http://thebolts.com/Mike/grade12/beowulf/summary.htm • http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/beowulf/summary.html • See http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/beowulf/shortsumm.html • http://thebolts.com/Mike/grade12/beowulf/summary.htm • http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/beowulf/summary.html • See http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/beowulf/shortsumm.html • http://thebolts.com/Mike/grade12/beowulf/summary.htm • http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/beowulf/summary.html

  19. http://www.lone-star.net/literature/beowulf/beowulf1.htm

  20. Germanic Art

  21. The art of Germanic peoples is characterized as abstract, stylized and highly decorative. • Other characteristics include: - use of gold and gems - non-figurative - geometric designs - flat, two-dimensional - organic, interlaced, intertwined shapes filling the spaces - Horror vacui - literally fear of empty space, open spaces in designs are filled • http://www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/_ART201/early_medieval.htm

  22. Cloisonné

  23. Chalice (Eucharistic cup) Ardagh Chalice, c. 800-899 AD, silver, silver gilt, enamel. Found in 1847 by a small boy digging for potatos.

  24. Paten (Eucharistic plate) Serpentine paten with fish. Mount: court of Charles the Bald (second half of the 9th century). Serpentine, gold, glass and gems.

  25. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance

  26. Rise of the Carolingian Empire • 717 Clovis (Merovingian): founder of the Frankish State, first Christian king of the Franks • 717-751 The Carolingians (Charles, Pepin, and Carloman) shared power with the Merovingian kings • 751 Pepin became king of the Franks • 768 Charlemagne succeeded Pepin • 800 Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman emperor • 814 Charlemagne died

  27. Charlemagne • Father of France: united the kingdom • Goal of reforms: to revive the Roman Empire • The Carolingian Renaissance • the Latin form of “Charles” is “Carolus” • viewed classical learning as the foundation of Christian wisdom

  28. Carolingian Renaissance • Charlemagne set up a “palace school” at Aachen. • Medieval education: --trivium (grammar, rhetoric, dialectic) --quadrivium(arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy)

  29. Charlemagne’s Church at Aachen http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_mid_civ.htm

  30. Charlemagne’s Church at Aachen http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_mid_civ.htm

  31. Charlemagne • Crowned by Pope Leo III in 800 • Claimed to be the direct heir of Caesar Augustus • A major step in the developing self-awareness of western European civilization

  32. http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/Europeweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Europe35.htmhttp://www.sheppardsoftware.com/Europeweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Europe35.htm

  33. The Empire of Charlemagne, 814 http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/b021ede56f3fd49ead0d.jpg

  34. The Collapse • 10th century • Viking raids • Civil wars: the growing power of local lords

  35. 843 CE

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