Nationalism At Center Stage

1. Nationalism At Center Stage Jump Start Define nationalism

2. Discussion of Jump Start Belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries

3. Nationalism At Center Stage United States sorts out internal problems and “faces” the world

4. American Industrial Revolution Inventions help boost American industry Cotton Gin Steamboat Interchangeable Parts Factory System

5. Economies of North and South Differences in lifestyles become pronounced New England & North industrializes South and West develop farms Federalist Ideology produces varied economy Republican Ideology produces agriculture alone. Slavery becomes entrenched from Cotton Gin and grows rather than ends…

6. American System Unites US President Madison seeks a developed, prosperous nation – drifts from Republican Ideology… Henry Clay, TN & John C. Calhoun, SC squash regional differences to promote American System - Transportation – Roads & Canals - Tariffs to protect American Manufacturers - Re- instate Bank of the United States (BUS)

7. Spirit of Nationalism Arises Belief in the US as a nation increases Nationalism occurs on several levels; Politically - Government and Foreign Policy Economically - Family farmers move west Socially - Working together for country

8. Supreme Court & Nationalism • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Tax by MD on paper used for Federal currency MD says BUS has no power over the state • John Marshall declared Bank of the U.S. was constitutional & states could not tax Fed. Gov’t. “power to tax was power to destroy” • Decision led to an increase in federal government’s control over the economy by controlling currency

9. Supreme Court & Nationalism • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Dispute over shipping across Hudson River • John Marshall ruled that Gibbons had the right to run his steamship on the same route as Ogden. NYS could not regulate interstate waterways. • Decision affirmed Federal Government’s right to regulate interstate commerce not individual state’s

10. Supreme Court & Nationalism • Marshall’s decisions continued to increase power of Federal Government at the expense of state power.

11. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy Sec. of State John Quincy Adams’ Treaties • Britain - Northern boundary is 49° N - U.S. & Canadian border is demilitarized - Occupy Oregon Territory jointly 10 years • Spain - Adams – Onis Treaty (1819) “Gives” U.S. Florida - US settlers move in Says we’ll take it anyway – Can’t defend it!

12. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Europe should not interfere in Western Hemisphere • In return U.S. would stay out of European Affairs • European interference, would be considered “dangerous to US peace & safety” • What would Europe want in the Western Hemisphere? • Attempt to re-colonize (dominate) the newly independent Latin American countries and secure needed resources. • Could Europe still be involved in the West? • Yes, if they still had pre-existing colonies

13. Nationalism Pushes America West • Why would people leave the East for the unknown (wild) West? - Escape the law - Escape debt - Cheap fertile land - Social Status - Economic prosperity

14. Population Shift • More people leaving the East and heading West • More states now entering the Union Northwest Ordinance set up procedure • Would states be admitted as “free” states or “slave” states – balance was critical!

15. Free States vs. Slave States • Why would the government have to attempt to maintain a balance between free states and slaves states? • Northerners would accuse southerners of trying to expand slavery • Southerners would accuse northerners of trying to abolish slavery • Representation in Congress is key to establishing the dominant IDEOLOGY for the nation!!!

16. Missouri CompromiseFirst “Test” of Nationalism • Maine admitted as a free state – Missouri as slave (now 12 “free and 12”slave” states) • No slavery north of the 36°30 N latitude except MO (part of Louisiana Territory purchase) • Remaining Louisiana Purchase Territory split in two • Henry Clay negotiated & “sold” it to Congress in 1820 • Issue of slavery was solved for a generation

17. Closing Activity Ticket Out The Door With our definition of nationalism in mind, make a chart that displays how nationalism was the ideology behind the Supreme Court decisions, foreign policy decisions and Federal Government actions.

18. Words To Live By • “Government is a trust, and the officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people.” Henry Clay (1777 – 1852) • U.S. House of Representative and Senator from Kentucky