Persuasion

1. Persuasion • Pathos: appeal to the heart with loaded words (diction which induces emotion) • Ethos: appeal by trustworthy speaker • Logos: appeal to the logic of the audience

2. EXAMPLES FROM Romeo and Juliet • For though fond nature bids us all lament, • Yet nature’s tears are reason’s merriment. • —Friar to Juliet’s parents when they believe Juliet is dead. • What type of rhetoric?

3. Answer • LOGOS • Friar is using logic and reason to convince the Capulets not to be sad. He says that because we are human, we weep, but reason should help us because we know Juliet is in Heaven.

4. What type of Rhetoric? • Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace, profaners of the neigh or-stained steel— • Will they not hear: What, ho! You men, you beasts, • That quench the fire of your pernicious rage • With purple fountains issuing from your veins! • --Prince when addressing the fighters in the street

5. Answer • Pathos • Appeal to emotion by using loaded words. These words are meant to evoke feelings. These words will shame the villains involved and anger the citizens against violent acts.

6. Which type of Rhetoric? • Prince: Benvolio, who began this bloody fray? • Benvolio: Tybalt, here slain, who Romeo’s hand did slay, • Romeo that spoke him fair, bid him bethink • How nice the quarrel was, and urged withal • Your high displeasure.

7. ANSWER • ETHOS • Benvolio is a trustworthy man, which is why the Prince asked his opinion. Then Benvolio speaks of the respect Romeo had for the Prince’s warning. Both are examples of the use of ethos.

8. Poetic sound Devices • Internal rhyme-rhyme inside a line of poetry • End rhyme-rhyme at the end of lines of poetry • Assonance- repeated use of vowel sounds in a line of poetry • Alliteration (a type of consonance)—repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a line • Onomatopoeia—words that sound like what they mean • Slant rhyme—words that almost rhyme

9. What Sound device is used? • "Two households, both alike in dignity,In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,From ancient grudge break to new mutiny“ • Answer: slant rhyme

10. What sound device is used? • Then hie you hence, to Friar Lawrence’s cell; • --Nurse to Juliet • Alliteration/Assonance

11. What sound device is used? • Is crimson in thy lips or in thy cheeks, • --Romeo to Juliet as she lay in the tomb • Assonance

12. What sound device? • Hie you, make haste, for it grows very late.----Nurse to Romeo • Alliteration/Assonance • Taking the measure of an unmade grave • --Romeo about being banished • Consonance

13. What type of rhyme? • Bear hence this body and attend our will. • Mercy but murders, pardoning those that kill. • ---Prince to Romeo • End rhyme/Couplet

14. What kind of rhyme? • What eye but such an eye would spy out such a quarrel? • --Mercutio teasing Benvolio • Internal rhyme • (rhyming words are always assonance, but assonance does not always rhyme)

15. What Sound device is used? • More than Prince of Cats. O, he’s the courageous Captain of compliments. • –Mercutio of Tybalt • Alliteration-- • And what epithets do you see?

16. Do you recognize this literary device? • How now: A conduit, girl? What, still in tears? • Evermore show’ring: In one little body • Thou counterfeits a bark, a sea, a wind: • For still thy eyes, which I may call the sea, • Do ebb and flow with tears; the bark thy body is, • Sailing in this salt flood; the winds, thy sighs, • Who, raging with thy tears and they with them, • without a sudden calm will overset • Thy tempest-tossed body….

17. Metaphor! • We call this metaphor an extended one. An extended metaphor is a comparison that is carried out in a series of sentences or lines. • The previous passage is also called a conceit because it is an unlikely comparison. Who would imagine a comparison between a boat and a girl? • Can you think of a comparison Shakespeare uses several different times in Romeo and Juliet? • HINT:

18. What figurative language is this? • Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man. • --Mercutio

19. Random CDA information • What are some ways to determine the reliability of an article you would like to utilize for a research project? • Determine who wrote it. Does the author have qualifications or expertise on the subject? • Is there a publisher? • Does the article identify other sources? • Is it peer reviewed?

20. More random reminders • What determines the formality of an essay? • Its point of view • Its use of precise language • Its lack of slang terms and idioms • Its purpose • Its audience

21. Point of view reminders • First Person Point of View • Told from the point of view from someone within the story • Characterized by the use of “I” from the narrator’s viewpoint • Do not use first person when writing a formal essay.

22. Point of view-- • Second person point of view • Characterized by the use of ‘you’—its purpose is to bring the reader into the story • Do not use second person in a formal paper

23. Third Person Point of view • Third person objective: narrator reports a story in a neutral manner • Third Person Limited: a narrator reports the facts and interprets events from the perspective of a single character • Third-Person Omniscient: an all-knowing narrator not only reports the facts but may also interpret events and relate the thoughts and feelings of more than one character

24. Semi-colons and conjunctive adverbs • Use a semicolon when you use a conjunctive adverb or transitional phrase to join two main clauses. • I am a huge fan of sriracha hot sauce; however, I would not want to meet a grizzly with a sriracha flamethrower in a dark alley.