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Persuasion

“To be persuasive we must be believable; to be believable we must be credible; credible we must be truthful.” - Edward Murrow. Persuasion. - Using words to influence the actions and opinions of others. Purpose. - Inform, entertain, argue for a position.

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Persuasion

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  1. “To be persuasive we must be believable; to be believable we must be credible; credible we must be truthful.” - Edward Murrow

  2. Persuasion - Using words to influence the actions and opinions of others.

  3. Purpose - Inform, entertain, argue for a position.

  4. -Open with a hook and a statement of the issue being addressed. Checklist For Persuasive Writing -State your position on the issue. -Main body of text contains the arguments that are elaborated with reasons and evidence ( facts ). -End with a summary, conclusion, and a call to action.

  5. Qualifiers • Qualifiers are words/phrases that make an opinion more flexible and easier to support.

  6. Note the difference between the two claims below: • Contrary to popular belief, hunters are friends of the environment. • Contrary to popular belief, most hunters are friends of the environment.

  7. “Most” qualifies the above opinion, changing it from an all-or-nothing claim. • Here is a list of qualifiers to use in your paper: Almost, usually, maybe, probably, often, some, most, in most cases.

  8. Making Concessions • When you make a concession, you identify other valid opinions about your subject. • Making a concession often makesyour overall argument more convincing.

  9. Concession Expressions • Even though, I agree that, I cannot argue with, while it is true that, admittedly, granted

  10. Logos/pathos • Logos – appeals to logic through statistics (numbers), facts, and examples • Pathos – appeals to emotion through connotative language and imagery

  11. Connotative language -

  12. Adding Support • Your opinions in your persuasive essay need evidence . • The more types of convincing evidence you offer, the stronger your argument will be.

  13. Prediction = More cars and more roads will mean more congestion. Statistics = Our high school has room for 1,702 students, but last year 1,860 registered. Observation = In Garfield Park, young men play soccer around the clock. Expert Testimony = According to Scott Magruder, the Transportation Department Spokesman, “We must find a way to pay for our roads and do away with our fuel tax.” Comparison = In the past, fishing was a way of putting food on the table, almost a matter of survival. Today, for most individuals who fish, it is a sport, a hobby, or a form of relaxation.

  14. Make Predictions = More cars and more roads will mean more congestion.

  15. Use Statistics = Our high school has room for 1,702 students, but last year 1,860 registered.

  16. Make Observations = In Garfield Park, young adults play soccer around the clock.

  17. Use Expert Testimony = According to Scott Magruder, the Transportation Department Spokesman, “We must find a way to pay for our roads and do away with our fuel tax.”

  18. \ Make Comparisons = In the past, fishing was a way of putting food on the table, almost a matter of survival. Today, for most individuals who fish, it is a sport, a hobby, or a form of relaxation.

  19. Questions to answer: 1. How did the author get your attention? 2. What is the issue? 3. What is the solution to the problem? 4. What SPECIFIC examples / evidence does the author use to help his or her argument? 5. What is the SPECIFIC ‘call to action’? • Read the persuasive article on pages 150-151 • Answer the questions on the right in paragraph form. • 3-5 Sentences for each question!!!

  20. “Words may be deeds. Said at the right time, they make things happen.”

  21. Persuasive paragraph • Which prompt do you agree with more? Why? Use support to convince the reader to agree with you. “Parents have too much control over what teenagers do on weekends.” OR “Parents do not have enough control over what teenagers do on weekends.”

  22. -What does it mean to “persuade” someone? • -What are the most effective techniques to use when persuading? • Explain what the outline of a persuasive essay should look like. • What are the two most effective types of “language” to use when writing a persuasive argument? Why?

  23. Language Features • Use mainly the present tense. • Use logical and cause and effect connectives. • Use emotive language. • Use technical language. • Use rhetorical questions. • Dare the reader to disagree. • Try to make opinions sound like facts. • Use powerful verbs and strong adjectives.

  24. Calling All Sleepyheads Sleep is important. Nobody fully understands why we need it, but scientists think that the body uses the time to recover and to repair damage. When we fall asleep our heart and breathing rates slow down, muscles relax and our senses rest. If this is the case, are you giving your body enough rest?

  25. Lack of sleep means that the body and brain do not work properly. If you don’t go to bed at a reasonable time, you will be sleepy in class and not learn so much. Tiredness means you may not be able to think clearly, and you may also be a danger to other people. Accidents can happen. You will lack energy, and even playing becomes too much of an effort. Is staying up late really worth it?

  26. There is some truth in the old saying “Early to bed and early to rise, makes us healthy, wealthy and wise.” Next time you start to argue about your bedtime, remember your body needs a break. From: Have Your Say by Karavis and Matthews

  27. Now, let us examine the text together in more detail. How many elements of persuasive writing have you identified in it?

  28. Calling All Sleepyheads Sleep is important. Nobody fully understands why we need it, but scientists think that the body uses the time to recover and to repair damage. When we fall asleep our heart and breathing rates slow down, muscles relax and our senses rest. If this is the case, are you giving your body enough rest?

  29. Calling All Sleepyheads Sleep is important. Nobody fully understands why we need it, but scientists think that the body uses the time to recover and to repair damage. When we fall asleep our heart and breathing rates slow down, muscles relax and our senses rest. If this is the case, are you giving your body enough rest?

  30. Lack of sleep means that the body and brain do not work properly. If you don’t go to bed at a reasonable time, you will be sleepy in class and not learn so much. Tiredness means you may not be able to think clearly, and you may also be a danger to other people. Accidents can happen. You will lack energy, and even playing becomes too much of an effort. Is staying up late really worth it?

  31. Lack of sleep means that the body and brain do not work properly. If you don’t go to bed at a reasonable time, you will be sleepy in class and not learn so much. Tiredness means you may not be able to think clearly, and you may also be a danger to other people. Accidents can happen. You will lack energy, and even playing becomes too much of an effort. Is staying up late really worth it?

  32. Lack of sleep means that the body and brain do not work properly. If you don’t go to bed at a reasonable time, you will be sleepy in class and not learn so much. Tiredness means you may not be able to think clearly, and you may also be a danger to other people. Accidents can happen. You will lack energy, and even playing becomes too much of an effort. Is staying up late really worth it?

  33. Lack of sleep means that the body and brain do not work properly. If you don’t go to bed at a reasonable time, you will be sleepy in class and not learn so much. Tiredness means you may not be able to think clearly, and you may also be a danger to other people. Accidents can happen. You will lack energy, and even playing becomes too much of an effort. Is staying up late really worth it?

  34. Lack of sleep means that the body and brain do not work properly. If you don’t go to bed at a reasonable time, you will be sleepy in class and not learn so much. Tiredness means you may not be able to think clearly, and you may also be a danger to other people. Accidents can happen. You will lack energy, and even playing becomes too much of an effort. Is staying up late really worth it?

  35. There is some truth in the old saying “Early to bed and early to rise, makes us healthy, wealthy and wise.” Next time you start to argue about your bedtime, remember your body needs a break. From: Have Your Say by Karavis and Matthews

  36. PERSUASIVE ESSAY SCRATCH SHEET ATTENTION GRABBING OPENER (1-2)_________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCE A _______________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCE B _______________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCE C________________________________________________________________________ THESIS STATEMENT/OPINION STATEMENT ________________________________________________ PARAGRAPH A (6 or more sentences) Reword INTRO A ___________________________________________________________________________________ FORM OF EVIDENCE 1 _________________________________________________________________ ELABORATION___________________________________________________________ FORM OF EVIDENCE 2 _________________________________________________________________ ELABORATION __________________________________________________________ Summary Paragraph A _____________________________________________________________________________ PARAGRAPH B (6 or more sentences) Reword INTRO B ___________________________________________________________________________________ FORM OF EVIDENCE 1 _________________________________________________________________ ELABORATION___________________________________________________________ FORM OF EVIDENCE 2 _________________________________________________________________ ELABORATION __________________________________________________________ Summary Paragraph B _____________________________________________________________________________ PARAGRAPH C (6 or more sentences) Reword INTRO C ___________________________________________________________________________________ FORM OF EVIDENCE 1 _________________________________________________________________ ELABORATION__________________________________________________________ FORM OF EVIDENCE 2 ________________________________________________________________ ELABORATION __________________________________________________________ Summary Paragraph C ______________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY PARAGRAPH (3 – 5 sentences) SUMMARY STATEMENT _____________________________________________________________________________ CALL TO ACTION ___________________________________________________________________________________ CONCLUSION ______________________________________________________________________________________

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