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Scratch programming for elementary schools’ teachers

Scratch programming for elementary schools’ teachers. 賴阿福 台北市立教育大學 資訊科學系 2011/7/18~7/20 lai@go.tmue.edu.tw. Scratch. 演變來源： Logo ： Turtle graphics (MIT Papert) programmable bricks ： LEGO MindStorms (MIT)

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Scratch programming for elementary schools’ teachers

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  1. Scratch programming for elementary schools’ teachers 賴阿福 台北市立教育大學 資訊科學系 2011/7/18~7/20 lai@go.tmue.edu.tw

  2. Scratch • 演變來源： • Logo ：Turtle graphics (MIT Papert) • programmable bricks：LEGO MindStorms (MIT) • The building-block approach draws on previous research on LogoBlocks (Begel, 1996) and Etoys (Steinmetz, 2001), • 特色： • Building-block programming. Scratch programming will be based on a building-block Metaphor. Learners will drag-and-drop blocks from the library to create “stacks” (procedures) that govern behaviors of the object. • Multiprocessing will be smoothly integrated into Scratch: different stacks of blocks will automatically execute in parallel. • Programmable image processing • rich media • Principal Investigators: • Mitchel Resnick, MIT Media Laboratory • Yasmin Kafai, UCLA • John Maeda, MIT Media Laboratory

  3. Examples of Scratch script • Turtle graphics • Loop control • 猜數值 • 加法練習:亂數出題 • 減法練習 • 打擊魔鬼 • Retrieve element from list • List當題庫 • Rolling ball • Ball game • Maze game • music • OX棋

  4. Download Scratch 1.4 • V 1.4：http://info.scratch.mit.edu/Scratch_1.4_Download • V 2.0 beta

  5. Educational application • Why learn programming? • Computer curriculum • Integration into teaching • Math • Art • Music • literature • Work creation tool in PBL • Game design • Story-telling

  6. 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 操作介面 • 標題列：顯示軟體與檔案名稱。3 • 功能表列：常用的存檔、開新檔案、開啟舊檔與復原等功能。4 • 指令分類區：Scratch指令共分八類均在此區中。5 • 程式積木區：依指令分類區點選的類別而出現對應的程式積木。6 • 角色與舞台控制區：點選快速瀏覽區可顯示欲控制角色(舞台)之程式、造型(背景)與聲音的控制。77 • 舞台區：動畫編輯的區域。 • 舞台背景與角色快速瀏覽區：舞台背景與角色切換的控制。

  7. 第一次接觸: 會塗鴉(scratch)的貓 • Two events: • main(), onload • Click, onlcick • Can we change drawing color? Infinite loop

  8. Basic elements of programming • Structure programming • Sequence • Iteration, repetition • For, while, repeat until • Selection • If else if … , • switch case • Memory control • Variable, • Array, list • Input /output • Console I/O • File I/O • Database • Event • Keyboard • Mouse • Startup • Function, method, subroutine, procedure • Caller • Callee • Object (sprite, stage) • Method • Data (property) In Scratch: no offered

  9. Loop control-1 • Question: 1+2+…+n=? • what’s wrong? • Similar to c • For(i=0;i<n;i++, sum=sum+i) ; • For(i=0;i<n+1;sum=sum+I, i++) ;

  10. Loop control-2 • Repeat { } until (); • what’s wrong?

  11. Loop control-3 • Similar to While () { } • what’s wrong?

  12. Loop control-4 • Question: 1+3+…+n=? Handle error of input what’s wrong?

  13. Loop control-5 • Question: n!=1*2*…*n=? • what’s wrong?

  14. Features • Visualized programming environment • Brick building and assembling • Syntax-error free • multithread • Object-like :method for each object, we can clone them • Structured programming is convenient • Iteration ( Loop): for, while, repeat…. utile • Sequence • Selection • If, if..else • Not provide switch case • Turtle geometry • LOGO • System Function • Random, math • User-defined function: Only for event driven function • Onload • Click event (belong to a object) • Multimedia rich environment • Function communication: shared memory, message passing • Memory management is limit: Variable • Not offered array, but provide list • String processing is limit • Array of object: not support • File I/o is limit • The functions of Input, printf are limit • Game element • Conflict detection

  15. Function communication • shared memory, message passing Object 2 accept broadcast message Object 3 Global variable Object n Object 1 Shared memory

  16. Scratch2Exe • 將Scratch的.sb檔轉為.exe(scratch2exe) • 方法：http://cc1.shsps.kh.edu.tw/xoops/modules/tadnews/index.php?nsn=27 Scratch scratch2exe .sb .exe Web browser Java applet

  17. Turtle graphics Run this program Main program pendown logo-1.sb

  18. variable • Variable? • Where? • What purpose? • Make a variable Size=input(“輸入移動步數”); FD size logo-2.sb

  19. 運算式 logo-3.sb

  20. 猜數值 • Random • 提示輸入數值?大或小 • loop 停止條件 • 猜的次數 guess-number-1.sb

  21. 改變背景 1 4

  22. 加法練習 ADD-drill1.sb

  23. 減法練習 • 答案不可以為負數 sub-DR~1.sb

  24. 減法練習2 • 答錯須重新回答 • 運用一變數correct • 中文變數 sub-DR~2.sb

  25. 打擊魔鬼 • 打擊者 • 按鍵控制 • 廣播”發射子彈” 打擊魔鬼1/fight-monster-1.sb

  26. bullet • 接到”fire”之廣播，發射子彈 • 判斷遇到邊緣或魔鬼 • 子彈之初始設定

  27. 魔鬼須不斷上下移動 • 被打到時:消失、回到原點

  28. Retrieve element from list • List:列表、串列 • 替代array • Why not work? • 循序讀取

  29. List當題庫 • 結構：題目+選項+答案 • Other method: 運用6個 list，分別存放題目、4個選項、答案 (parallel lists) list-process-1-2.sb

  30. 亂數出題：list放亂數不重複之題號 不重複！(1..n) Swap /exchange rseq i 1 3 pick rseq i 2 5 pick list-process-1-3.sb

  31. 亂數由題庫抽題

  32. Insertion sort insertion-sort-1.sb

  33. Rolling ball 角色：ball Direct=1 Direct=0 Direct=2 Direct=3 y 第一象限 第二象限 x 第三象限 第四象限 BALL-B~correct-1.sb

  34. Change ball’s direction 3 Y>168 Direct=0 1 X>228 0 Direct=1 2 X>228 Y<-168 3 Direct=2 1 Y<-168 X<-228 Y>168 0 Direct=3 2 X<-228

  35. Game of 桌球 角色:panel • 角色：panel Score varaible 由ball detect collision BALL-game-1.sb

  36. Maze game-1 Initial position destination

  37. Maze game-1(續) • Game is over if time out What’s wrong?

  38. Maze game-2：第二關 換第二關背景 Maze←2 maze-2.sb

  39. Maze game-2(續) • Direct : • sprite’s data member • Not global variable 先上後下移動 舞台換背景 先右後左移動

  40. Maze game-2(續) • Maze=1 • 第一關 • Else (maze=2) • 第二關

  41. Maze game-2(續) 遇到crab or ant, then die 二關之起始位置一樣

  42. 打地鼠 • 地鼠被打到：record[i]=1 • End==1：6隻地鼠全被打到 kill-mice/kill-mice-1.sb

  43. 打地鼠(ccont.) Die: object之data member, not a global variable monster1 hole1 將monster放在hole上

  44. music • note(音符) 60代表Do(1)、62 Re(2)、64 Mi(3)、65 Fa(4)、67 Sol(5)、69 La(6)、71 Si(7)、72 高音Do(1*)

  45. Sing a song • 每個音節有2拍，第一個音節就是Do Do各半拍(0.5 beats)，然後Do Mi又各半拍(0.5 beats)。

  46. OX棋 • Use list “record” to record player’ dice • 0: null • 1: user • 2: CAT • Each dice: has 3 styles • Cat broadcast message “flip i”, dice i will flip its style for CAT. • User can click the dice to flip it. • There are some drawbacks in it. • Please revise them. ox-game-1.sb

  47. Compute who is the winner? • Winner=0 (initial) • Winner=1 (user) • Winner=2 (CAT) 3 2 1 5 6 4 7 8 9 • If (Record[1]=record[2] and record[2]=record[3]) { • If record[1]=1 then winner=1; • Else if record[1]=2 then winner=2; }

  48. If winner is known, then this game is over!

  49. Method of dice • Accept message to flip its style for CAT • Click event: user clicks the dice to flip its style 1st dice

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