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Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg

Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg. Anatomical Structures. Foot and Ankle Overview. Bones: Tibia (Medial Malleolus) Fibula (Lateral Malleolus) Tarsals Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd Cuneiforms Metatarsals Phalanges (Toes). Muscles:

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Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg

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  1. Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg Anatomical Structures

  2. Foot and Ankle Overview • Bones: • Tibia (Medial Malleolus) • Fibula (Lateral Malleolus) • Tarsals • Talus • Calcaneus • Navicular • Cuboid • 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Cuneiforms • Metatarsals • Phalanges (Toes)

  3. Muscles: • Extensor Digitorum Longus=Dorsi Flexion/Toe Ext. • Extensor Hallucis Longus=Dorsi Flexion/Big Toe Ext. • Tibialis Anterior=Dorsi Flexion/Inversion • Peroneus Tertius=Dorsi Flexion/Inversion • Peroneus Longus & Brevis=Plantar Flexion/Eversion • Gastrocnemius=Plantar Flexion (Knee Extended) • Soleus=Plantar Flexion (Knee Flexed) • Tibialis Posterior=Plantar Flexion/Inversion • Flexor Digitorum Longus=Plantar Flexion/Toe Flexion • Flexor Hallucis Longus=Plantar Flexion/Big Toe Flexion

  4. Ligaments: • Anterior Tibiofibular • Anterior Talofibular • Calcaneofibular • Posterior Tibiofibular • Posterior Talofibular • Deltoids (Medial Side) • Tendons: • Achilles Tendon

  5. Bones • 28 bones in the foot • Toes = phalanges (14 bones) • Sesamoids • Metatarsals (5 bones) • Cuboid, Navicular, Cuneiforms (3) • Talus, Calcaneus

  6. The Bones of the Foot

  7. Arches of the Foot • Longitudinal Arch • Runs from Calcaneus to the Metatarsal Heads • Acts as a shock absorber • Base of the Feet are very important!

  8. Longitudinal Arch

  9. Ligaments • What does a ligament do? • What is the name for the injury to a ligament?

  10. Lateral Ligaments • Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATF) • Calcaneofibular Ligament (CF) • Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTF)

  11. Lateral Foot Ligaments

  12. Medial Ligaments • Deltoid Ligament (4 ligaments make up 1)

  13. Bones of Lower Leg • Tibia • Fibula • Medial malleolus (end of tibia) • Lateral malleolus (end of fibula)

  14. Bones of Lower Leg

  15. Muscles of lower leg, ankle, & foot • Gastrocnemius • Soleus (Achilles Tendon) • Tibialis Anterior • Extensor Digitorum Longus • Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis • Flexor Digitorum Longus • Flexor Hallucis Longus

  16. Muscles of Lower Leg Structures

  17. Muscles of Lower Leg

  18. Interosseus Membrane

  19. Nerve Supply • Sciatic Nerve • Tibial Nerve • Deep Peroneal Nerve • Superficial Peroneal Nerve

  20. Nerve Supply

  21. Blood Supply

  22. Pes Planus or Cavus • Pes Planus = flat footed • Pes Cavus = high arch

  23. Pes planus or cavus

  24. The Gait Cycle • Have you ever watched people walk? • What do you notice? • Do you think that this can leave people susceptible to injuries?

  25. The Gait Cycle

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