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Principal Investigators Physics Bob Chant (Rutgers) Scott Glenn (Rutgers) Bob Houghton (Lamont)

Lagrangian Transport & Transformation Experiment. Principal Investigators Physics Bob Chant (Rutgers) Scott Glenn (Rutgers) Bob Houghton (Lamont) John Wilkin (Rutgers) Chemistry John Reindfelder (Rutgers) Chen (U.Mass) Biology Paul Bissett (FERI) Tom Frazer (U. Florida)

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Principal Investigators Physics Bob Chant (Rutgers) Scott Glenn (Rutgers) Bob Houghton (Lamont)

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  1. Lagrangian Transport & Transformation Experiment Principal InvestigatorsPhysics Bob Chant (Rutgers) Scott Glenn (Rutgers) Bob Houghton (Lamont) John Wilkin (Rutgers) Chemistry John Reindfelder (Rutgers) Chen (U.Mass) Biology Paul Bissett (FERI) Tom Frazer (U. Florida) Mark Moline (Cal-Poly) Oscar Schofield (Rutgers) Meng Zhou (U. Mass) An interdisciplinary process study in an ocean observatory

  2. CODAR over RGB image from OCM. April 9th, 2005

  3. Geyer and Fong Lagrangian Transport & Transformation Experiment LaTTE Goals & Objectives To quantify mixing and the rate that biological and chemical processes transforms material into a buoyant coastal current, including: • Biological production rates and community composition. • Zooplankton community response. • Bioavailability and bio-accumulation of metals. • CDOM photobleaching rates. Downwelling Upwelling Link these rates to wind forced changes in the structure of the plume. Fong & Geyer

  4. Raritan CDOM– conservative Hudson Schmutz? It’s Carbon!! Can be used to define water masses

  5. Salinity Nitrate vs. Salinity NO3

  6. Redox redox cycle and evasion flux of mercury in surface waters HR discharges Atmo dep Hg° hv, bacteria Hg(II) Hg° CDOM H2O2, bacteria John Reinfelder

  7. Fresh Water 2005

  8. Lagrangian Transport & Transformation Experiment • 2004 Dye Injections • Injection 1 • May 2nd, 2004 • 14:54 GMT – 15:03 GMT • 40° 31.48' 73° 46.6' • Injection 2 • May 4th, 2004 • 13:42 GMT – 14:00 GMT • 40° 21.9' 73° 54.8'

  9. Lagrangian Transport & Transformation Experiment R/V Cape Hatteras Instrumentation Measurements: • Surface CTD Data: Salinity, Temperature, Chlorophyll, Dye Concentration, Optical BackScatter (OBS), Color Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM). • Ecoshuttle Data: Salinity, Temperature, Chlorophyll, Dye Concentration • Drifter: Temperature, Location. • Hatteras Instrument Data: GPS, Meteorological Data

  10. 60 km 10 km Lagrangian Transport &Transformation Experiment Nested CODAR Total Vector Coverage Dongai Gong’s poster later this week

  11. Lagrangian Transport & Transformation Experiment Glider Endurance & Latte Lines

  12. Mooring Deployment March 17th- May 19th 2005 +NOAA PORTS mooring At Narrows

  13. May 2004

  14. May 4th 1300 GMT May 4th 1700 GMT • Plume frontal Speed ~ 35 cm/s ~ (g’h)0.5 • Similar to dye advective speeds • Currents behind plume front are faster.

  15. 2005 discharge Estimate of Total Q

  16. Mean flow over deployment Coastal Current is thin Maximum mean flows of 20 cm/s

  17. During Down-welling Conditions Coastal Current 2-4 km wide

  18. Subtidal daily mean surface flow April 9th 2005 C1 C3

  19. Surface along-shore currents dye deployment 1

  20. Surface Salinity FWobs ~ 2.5 *109 m3 Represents approximately At least* 10 days of discharge Very little in Coastal Currents *Missing fresh water to east and south ?

  21. Surface along-shore currents dye Experiment 2 cm/s Winds m/s Weak upwelling winds arrest coastal current

  22. Fresh water flux at C1 Total FW flux at C1 is 7 * 105 m2/s. Mean value .15 m2/s For W=4 km • <1/3 of total discharge • > Week to drain bulge .

  23. Nitrate vs. Salinity

  24. John Wilkin’s Numerical Simulation shows Loss of fresh water to east– then drift south. (SEE POSTER THIS WEEK)

  25. Along shore winds and along shore currents C1

  26. Near-shore surface currents 3 times more responsive to Winds than off-shore surface currents Inshore mooring Offshore mooring C1 C3 Current Current Current Wind Wind

  27. Along shore current (blue) and model (red) U_model = sqrt(g’h) + C* U wind C = .037

  28. Asymmetry of the Response @ c1 Winds > 5 m/s Wind Forced Along Shore Cross Shore Along Shore Cross Shore

  29. c3 Winds > 5 m/s Weaker Buoyancy effect Thinner plume On Upwelling g’h

  30. Down shelf transport of fresh water will diminish with distance.

  31. Glider Section May 17-24, 2005 Salinity Temperature

  32. SST May 29th

  33. Salt Section from Glider Endurance Line March 10-16 May 17-24 Significant Freshening Of 100 km wide section Of shelf

  34. = 1.2 105 m2 March (Only use positive values for fw) FW= 1.2 105 m2

  35. L~ 150 km 18 * 109 m3 freshwater Equal to total discharge since Jan 1, 2005

  36. Mean surface currents March 1st - May 31st See more CODAR at Donglai’s Gong’s Poster Weak!

  37. Conclusions • 1) Hudson outflow is characterized by bulge formation. Is LI to blame? • 2) Biogeochemical transformations in bulge significantly modify • transport processes in plume.s • 3) Coastal current is highly responsive to wind forcing and exhibits • an asymmetrical response to along shore wind forcing. • 4) 1&3 work in concert to rapid spread fresh-water across most of shelf • 5) Prevailing southerly winds in late spring/summer will retain this water • in NY Bight. How long? Stay tuned as the glider flies!

  38. Fresh Water 2005 Mean wind after 4/15 Upwelling favorable (~ 2 m/s)

  39. Kz = 1-5 10-4 m2/s

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