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A History of Genocide

Explore a chilling chronicle of genocides spanning continents, from the historic decimation of indigenous populations in North America to the modern horrors in Sudan. Witness harrowing accounts of mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and systematic extermination that have scarred humanity. Uncover the dark chapters of history from the Holocaust in Nazi Germany to the Rwandan genocide, shedding light on the relentless pursuit of power, supremacy, and ideological fervor that led to unfathomable atrocities. Delve into the struggles for justice, remembrance, and healing in the aftermath of these unforgivable crimes against humanity.

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A History of Genocide

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  1. A History of Genocide

  2. North America • 1492: Estimated indigenous population before European contact ~12 million • 1900: Estimated population ~250,000

  3. USA • Indian (Native) Wars • Assimilation • Indian Removal policy (Reservations)

  4. Canada • Beothuk (Newfoundland) wiped out by conflict with European fishermen • Tuberculosis (laced in traded clothing)

  5. South America • 1880’s: Campaign by Argentine President Julio Roca to exterminate native population

  6. Australia • 1800’s: The Black War • Conflict between British Colonists and Tasman Aborigines • Introduced Eurasianinfectious diseases, to which the Tasmanian Aborigines had no immunity • Tasmanian Aboriginal population that they were reported to have been exterminated

  7. Congo • 1800’s: Belgium slavery of Congo for rubber production • Starvation, exhaustion

  8. Namibia • Early 1900’s: Germans poisoned water sources in combat against native peoples

  9. Ireland • 1845: Potato Famine (crop failure) • British policy was to allow mass starvation • Approximately 1 million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland • Led to eventual Irish indepedence from British Crown

  10. Japan • 1615: Tokugawa bans Christianity • Tens-of-thousands of Christians ordered to be persecuted • Fear of takeover from Portugal and Spain at the advice of Dutch and British (wanting to secure trade routes)

  11. Philippines • 1898: USA wins the Spanish War • USA takes control of Philippines • Philippines declares Independence • USA employs “Kill & Burn” tactics • Close to 1 million killed over 15 years

  12. Russia • 1800’s: Russian Empire conducts Ethnic Cleansing of Circassians (Muslim) • Along the northeast shore of the Black Sea. It is the ancestral homeland of the Circassian people.

  13. Nazi Germany • 1941-1945: Holocaust • Targets: Jews, Gypsies, Polish, Soviets, Homosexuals • 5-7 million people killed

  14. Croatia • 1941-1945: Ustasha regime conducts mass murder of Serbians, Jews and Gypsies • Concentration camps (independent of Nazis)

  15. Turkey • 1915-1923: Extermination and deportation of Armenian people by the Ottoman Empire • Was implemented in two phases: 1) killing of able-bodied male population 2) deportation of women, children and elderly to death march through the Syrian Desert. • 1-1.5 million people killed

  16. Soviet Union • 1932-33: The Holodomor: Ukrainians hit by deliberate famine orchestrated by Russians (Stalin) • An attempt to re-direct resources (mainly grain) to Russia • ~10 million die of starvation • Slightly ironic considering what is happening today…

  17. China • 1958-1962: Social and Economic reform under Mao Zedong • “The Great Leap Forward” – transformation from agrarian economy (agricultural dependant) to an industrial one. • Almost 70 million dead • Starvation, forced labor, execution

  18. Bangladesh • 1971: Pakistani attempt extermination of Bengali and Hindus • 1-3 million killed

  19. Burundi • 1972: Hutus massacred by Tutsi in response to rebellion • 150,000 killed

  20. Cambodia • 1975: Khmer Rouge (Communist party) organizes mass killing of suspect groups, enforcing of self-sufficiency • Targets: Vietnamese, Chinese, Thai • 1.7 million killed (some from treatable diseases such as malaria) • 1996: Democratic National Union Movement, led by former leader of Khmer Rouge is formed (granted Amnesty) • Khmer Rouge officially dissolved in 1999.

  21. Lebanon • 1982: Sabra-Shatila Massacre • Massacre at Palestinian refugee camps • More than 3,000 (unconfirmed) civilians killed • Led by Lebanese Christian militia

  22. Afghanistan • 1979-1989: Soviet Invasion • Afghans killed by Soviet-led Afghan Forces to suppress resistance (Two alliance groups: Peshawar Seven and the Tehran Eight) • Weapons and money supplied from US, UK and Saudi Arabia

  23. Iraq • 1988: Campaign to destroy Kurdish factions from two differing political parties • Kurdish factions from Iran and Turkey drawn into war • Involvement from the US • Chemical weapons, poison gas

  24. Tibet • 1988- • China under investigation of genocide in Tibet • Goal of cultural assimilation of Tibetans • Government assisted exile

  25. East Timor • 1975-1999: Invasion of East Timor by Indonesia • 150,000 killed • Starvation • Chemical weapons

  26. Bosnia • 1992-1995: organized killing of Bosnian Muslims by Serbian Republic

  27. Rwanda • 1994: Tutsis and moderate Hutus killed by Hutu extremist militia • 1 million people killed in 100 days • “Fastest Genocide in History”

  28. Sudan • 2003-2006?: Janjaweed militia conduct Ethnic Clensing of non-muslim groups in Darfur region • Supported by Sudanese government • 500,000+ killed

  29. http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-horrific-genocides-in-history.phphttp://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-horrific-genocides-in-history.php • http://listverse.com/2013/05/03/10-atrocious-genocides-in-human-history/ • http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/56861/Genocide-Timeline/#vars!date=1914-06-28_15:30:50! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sjLrd8-Zdc

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