Innovative Modular Generators & Converters: Recruitment, Technical Meetings & Brainstorming Sessions

1. WP1 – Development of Novel Modular Generators and Converters 1st Annual Meeting and Presentation to Advisory Board (4th October 2018)

2. Recruitment Project Manager Keith DEAN (10/2017-) 3 RAs recruited (3 in proposal) ShaoshenXUE (11/2017-) Liren HUANG (5/2018-) Tao WANG (7/2018-) 9+3 PhDs recruited (10 in proposal) Yanxin LI (1/10/2014-30/12/2017) Jaime Maravi NIETO (9/2017- ) Ximeng WU (9/2017 - ) Luke COWLING (9/2017-) Jin XU (9/2017-) Dileepkumar KP (9/2017-) Yi WEI (10/2017-) TianyiLIU (12/2017-) SumeetSingh THAKUR (2/2018-) Rajesh KUMAR (3/2018-) Matthew AJ FENTON-JONES (9/2018-) Zeting MEI (10/2018-) All in position

3. PhD Students and Research Associates (~50% with industrial experience) Unrestricted

4. PhD Students and Research Associates (~50% with industrial experience) Unrestricted

5. Meetings Project management meetings Weekly – Monday every week Management Board meetings 2017-10-04, MB0, Kick off meeting, Sheffield 2018-02-01, MB1, Durham 2018-05-10, MB2, Hull 2018-10-05, MB3, Sheffield WP1 - Technical meetings Weekly (individual) – Every week Monthly (EMD team) – last Monday of each month SGRE engineers attend the monthly technical meetings Technical meetings with SGRE engineers 2017-10-10, Brainstorming on power electronics and control 2017-11-21, Brainstorming on electrical machines 2018-01-23/24, Technical meetings 2018-03-07, Keele technical visit 2018-06-20/21, Technical meetings

6. Agenda • Presentation of current system (Phil) • Overview of turbine converter requirements i.e. what does it need to do as well as convert electrical power • Nice to have/Unnecessary to have • Discussion of alternative topologies and ideas • 2-L vs. 3-L, Si vs. SiC • Dual-3-phase vs. Single 3-phase • Prognostics of insulation currents/Common mode minimisation • PWM switching • Focus on PhD and research topics • Luke Cowling • SumeetThakur • Yi Wei • TianyiLiu • Open discussion for future research Brainstorming sessionfor converter topologies for Wind Turbine Generators10 Oct. 2017 Philip Waite, Chief Engineer, Power Converter Paul Godridge, Head of Software, Modelling & Control Arwyn Thomas, Head of Generator Development Richard Clark Antonio Griffof MilijanaOdavic Guangjin Li Z.Q. Zhu

7. Brainstorming sessionfor Direct-Drive Wind Power Generators 21 Nov. 2017 • Agenda • Meeting with academic investigators on EPSRC Prosperity Partnership to discuss and agree topics for research for the Post-Doctoral RAs and PhDs • ShaoshenXue • DileepKumar KP • Rajesh Kumar • Jaime Maravi • Liren Huang Erik Groendahl, Chief Engineer, Generator ArwynThomas, Head of Generator Development Richard Clark Ziad Azar Guangjin Li Z.Q. Zhu

8. EPSRC Prosperity Partnership • Technical Workshop • 23 and 24 January 2018, Room G03, 9 MappinStreet 15 EMD Univ. of Sheffield Zi-Qiang ZhuMilijanaOdavicMartin FosterDavid A StoneAntonio GriffoGuangjin Li Ximeng Wu Tianyi Liu Luke Cowling Jin Xu Yi Wei Jaime Maravi Dileep Kumar Yanxin Li ShaoshenXue Tuesday, 23 January 2018 11 SGRE Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Brande, Denmark SteffanHansen, Head of Electrical Drive Train Erik Groendahl, Chief Engineer, Generator NunoFreire, Generator Control Team Lead Keele, UK Nick Hayward, Head of Frequency Converter Phil Waite, Chief Engineer, Power Converter Paul Godridge, Head of Software, Modelling & Control Sheffield, UK ArwynThomas, Head of Generator Development Clark, Richard Alex Duke Yuan Wu Ziad Azar

9. EPSRC Prosperity Partnership • Technical Workshop • 23 and 24 January 2018, Room G03, 9 MappinStreet Wednesday, 24 January 2018

10. EPSRC Prosperity Partnership • Technical Workshop • 23 and 24 January 2018, Room G03, 9 MappinStreet

11. EPSRC Prosperity Partnership • Technical Visit to Siemens Keele R&D Centre • 7 March 2018 Prof. Z.Q. ZhuProf. Martin FosterDr Antonio GriffoDr MilijanaOdavicLuke CowlingSumeet ThakurJin XuYi WeiXimeng WuTianyi LiuDr Richard ClarkDr Nick HaywoodDr Paul GodridgeDr Jiaming LiuDr Edward Horseley

12. EPSRC Prosperity Partnership • 6-monthly technical review meeting • 20-21 June, Lt9 The Diamond, Sheffield 15 EMD Univ. of Sheffield Zi-Qiang ZhuMilijanaOdavicMartin FosterDavid A StoneAntonio GriffoGuangjin Li Ximeng Wu Tianyi Liu Sumeet Thakur Luke Cowling Jin Xu Yi Wei Jaime Maravi Dileep Kumar Yanxin Li Rajesh Kumar ShaoshenXue Liren Huang 10 SGRE Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Brande, Denmark Erik Groendahl, Chief Engineer, Generator NunoFreire, Generator Control Team Lead Mogens Lund Keele, UK Phil Waite, Chief Engineer, Power Converter Paul Godridge, Head of Software, Modelling & Control Sheffield, UK ArwynThomas, Head of Generator Development Clark, Richard Alex Duke Yuan Wu Ziad Azar

13. EPSRC Prosperity Partnership • 6-monthly technical review meeting • 20-21 June, LT9 The Diamond, Sheffield

14. WP1. Development of Novel Modular Generators and Converters

15. WP1.1. Development and design optimisation of novel modular balanced multi-3-phase direct-drive PM generators • 1PDRA & 2PhDs ->2PDRA & 3PhDs. (2PDRA on new machine topologies, full-size generators, scalability study, 1PhD on modular multi-3-phase generators, 1PhD on Transverse flux machine, 1PhD on Vernier machine) • RA1: Dr Liren Huang (5/2018-) – Modular fractional slot PM generators Objective: • To develop novel high performance modular PM generators • Achievements: • Literature review and analysis of existing winding techniques • Development of a 2-coil-pitch fractional slot winding configuration for rotor loss reduction and stator segmentation • Future work: • Performance evaluation of proposed winding configuration in MW generator • Stator/rotor pole combination analysis • Suppress 2nd spatial harmonic with flux gaps in stator • Improvement of winding factor with uneven tooth structure

16. Analysis of 2-Coil Pitch Fractional Slot Machine for Wind Turbine Application Simplify winding structure and reduce torque ripple Removal of slot harmonic and reduce rotor loss Low winding factor Introduce large slot harmonic and rotor loss Fractional slot-12/10 Integral slot-12/4 Fractional slot-24/10 Further improvement Stator can be modularized Winding factor improved Existence of large 2nd order spatial MMF harmonic Stator cannot be modularized Proposed 2-coil pitch winding configuration Fractional slot-24/10-2 coil pitch

17. Project plan Analysis coverage Potential techniques for improvement We are here

18. WP1.1. Development and design optimisation of novel modular balanced multi-3-phase direct-drive PM generators • 1PDRA & 2PhDs ->2PDRA & 3PhDs. (2PDRA on new machine topologies, full-size generators, scalability study, 1PhD on modular multi-3-phase generators, 1PhD on Transverse flux machine, 1PhD on Vernier machine) • RA2: Dr ShaoshenXue(1/12/2017-) – Loss in PM generator & Superconducting machines • Achievements: • Loss in modular PM machines • Review of existing 2D+ analytical eddy current prediction methods • 2D/3D loss analyses of MW generators • Developed a 2.5D eddy current loss model with FE validation • Design and modelling of a superconducting (SC) generator • Future work: • Magnetic characteristic study and modelling of SC generators • AC loss modelling of SC generators • Reduction of AC loss on SC coils Analytical model for PM segmentation 2D/3D FE loss analysis PM loss modeling in PM generator

19. AC loss modelling of superconducting generator Key issues HTS layer Modelling of diamagnetism of superconductor coils Steel heatsink Copper coating Substrate HTS µ=0.001 HTS µ=1 Modelling of AC loss of HTS conductor • How to reduce AC loss on HTS conductors?

20. WP1.1. Development and design optimisation of novel modular balanced multi-3-phase direct-drive PM generators • 1PDRA & 2PhDs ->2PDRA & 3PhDs. (2PDRA on new machine topologies, full-size generators, scalability study, 1PhD on modular multi-3-phase generators, 1PhD on Transverse flux machine, 1PhD on Vernier machine) • PhD1: Dileep Kumar (1/10/2017-) – Novel Vernier PM generator Objective: • To identify the most appropriate Vernier PM generator topology to minimise the overall system cost. • Scope: • Comparative study of alternative Vernier PM generator technologies with reference to conventional PM generators, in terms of power factor, power capability, power density, losses and efficiency, reliability, fault tolerance, etc.. • Achievements: • A comprehensive literature review completed & a report produced, the ppt presented to SGRE engineers • Design optimisation of Vernier machine for different stator slot-rotor pole-stator winding pole number combinations  • Loss and efficiency estimation for laminated and solid rotor Vernier machines • Comparison of 3MW Vernier machines against conventional surface-mounted PM machines • System level cost and efficiency comparison between Vernier and conventional machine drive systems • New topology developed for Vernier machine to improve power factor or cost of the machine • Future work: • Demagnetization and thermal issues needs to be addressed for Vernier machine

21. Comparison of conventional machine with different Vernier machine topologies – 3MW level • Stator-PM and rotor-PM topology, i.e. PMs at both side, comparable to conventional machine in-terms of overall system level cost • Vernier generator mass is 23% less than the existing machine which is significant • Vernier machine has significantly lower torque ripple • Optimal slot-pole number combination study • is the best slot-pole number in terms of torque/power, power factor, efficiency, torque/mass and torque/cost SPM Vernier Consequent Vernier Proposed Machine SPM conventional

22. WP1.1. Development and design optimisation of novel modular balanced multi-3-phase direct-drive PM generators • 1PDRA & 2PhDs ->2PDRA & 3PhDs. (2PDRA on new machine topologies, full-size generators, scalability study, 1PhD on modular multi-3-phase generators, 1PhD on Transverse flux machine, 1PhD on Vernier machine) • PhD2: Rajesh Kumar (1/3/2018) – Novel transverse flux PM generator • Objective: • To identify the most appropriate transverse flux PM generator topology to minimise the overall system cost. • Scope: • Comparative study of alternative transverse flux PM generator technologies with reference to conventional PM generators, in terms of power factor, power capability, power density, losses and efficiency, reliability, fault tolerance, etc.. • Achievements: • A comprehensive literature review completed & a report produced, the ppt presented to SGRE engineers • Initial analysis of transverse flux machines Initial transverse flux generator topology

23. Transverse flux PM generator Features and challenges: • The magnetic flux closes itself mainly in a direction transverse to the direction of motion and current flow • Separate electrical and magnetic circuits • A three dimensional flux flow • No coupling between different phases • High torque density • Poor power factor because of high leakage. • High torque ripple • Manufacturing difficulty due to 3D structure • High pole number & 3D flux flow make analysis difficult and take time

24. WP1.1. Development and design optimisation of novel modular balanced multi-3-phase direct-drive PM generators • 1PDRA & 2PhDs ->2PDRA & 3PhDs. (2PDRA on new machine topologies, full-size generators, scalability study, 1PhD on modular multi-3-phase generators, 1PhD on Transverse flux machine, 1PhD on Vernier machine) • PhD3: Yanxin Li (1/10/2014-30/12/2017) – Modular PM generators Objective: • To develop novel modular multi-3-phase direct-drive PM generators • Achievements: • Novel modular 3kW PM generators developed, prototyped & experimentally validated • A patent is submitted • PhD thesis completed

25. Research Challenges Torque ripple control EMF Cogging harmonics torque Current harmonic control Flux Asymmetry saturation Flux / EMF / torque observation • 1PDRA & 1PhD ->1PDRA & 3PhDs. (1PDRA on model predictive control, 1PhD on SiC converters, 1PhD on multi-3 phase modular converters and PWMs, 1PhD on multi-level AC-AC converter) • RA1: Tao Wang (1/7/2018-) – Model predictive control of wind power generation system • Scope: • Research the torque ripple control of PMG with practical but non-ideal machine characteristics • Replace typical harmonic current controllers (PIs in multiple synchronous reference frames, resonant or repetitive controllers) with an MPC based method • Exploit MPC for condition monitoring – control performance degradation related to machine faults • Achievements: • Literature review report • Built a complete simulation model of PMG system, accounting for spatial flux linkage and EMF harmonics • Finished comparative study of PI control and MPC, in the presence of EMF harmonics • Future work: • Research torque ripple compensation methods for PMG with EMF harmonics • Study MPC-based torque control • with consideration of cogging torque, saturation and asymmetry • Exploit MPC to flux/EMF/torque observation WP1.2. Development of novel modular multi-3-phase converters and control strategies

26. Why MPC? Use the system model to predict the future state of the controlled variables, then the optimized control input can be selected by minimizing a predefined cost function

27. 1PDRA & 1PhD ->1PDRA & 3PhDs. (1PDRA on model predictive control, 1PhD on SiC converters, 1PhD on multi-3 phase modular converters and PWMs, 1PhD on multi-level AC-AC converter) • PhD1: Luke Cowling (1/10/2017) – SiCconverter • Objectives: • To identify the potential of applying SiC for wind power converter • Achievements: • Literature review completed & report produced, ppt presented to SGRE engineers • Development of simulation models for SiC devices switching behaviour • Development of average loss and thermal models of SiC devices • Simulation of various converter topologies  • Efficiency evaluation and comparative analyses of various converter topologies incorporating Si & SiC devices • Testing of SiC devices to validate thermal and switching models • Investigation into current source converter topologies using SiC devices • Comparison of CSC & VSC converter topologies using Si & SiC device • Future work: • Compare system wide benefits of using SiC in 2 & 3 level converters at several different operating points • Develop evaluation platform to compare the benefits to the system of changing semiconductor material, switching frequency & dc-link voltage WP1.2. Development of novel modular multi-3-phase converters and control strategies

28. Money savings based off £58/MWh Only including generator side converter Savings could be doubled if grid-side converter also changed 2 & 3 level comparison – equal operating point Comparison at various switching frequencies • SiC is order of magnitude higher switching losses for Si • SiC can be used to improve efficiency or to operate at higher frequency • 3 level converters is more efficient especially at higher frequencies • Allows for a reduction in size of passive components

29. 1PDRA & 1PhD ->1PDRA & 3PhDs. (1PDRA on model predictive control, 1PhD on SiC converters, 1PhD on multi-3 phase modular converters and PWMs, 1PhD on multi-level AC-AC converter) • PhD2: Jin Xu (1/10/2017) – Control of Multi-Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Wind Power Generators with Different Phase Shifts and Asymmetries Objective: • To develop advanced control strategies for high power dual three phase PM generators considering harmonics, voltage peaks and switching frequency, in order to improve efficiency of energy conversion and ensure the lifetime of insulation system. • Achievements: • Literature review completed & report produced, ppt presented to SGRE engineers • Modelling of dual-three phase machines with different angle displacements Advanced strategies in control loop and vector selection for dual three phase PM generators Switching pattern modifications for paralleled converters • PWM generation strategies to reduce THD and CMV • Future work: Complete harmonic compensation strategy based on synthetic vector theory Peak voltage (insulation system) reduction Low frequency switching for dual three phase machines WP1.2. Development of novel modular multi-3-phase converters and control strategies • Advanced harmonic mitigation strategies for dual three phase PM machines • Shared large current • Highly fault-tolerant • More available vectors with different lengths & directions • Current harmonics caused by multiple reasons, such as distorted back EMF, asymmetries and nonlinearities

30. Harmonic compensation results (Model based feedforward control approach) After Before Measured Phase A current waveforms with and without harmonic compensation under 300 r/min and iq=1A

31. 1PDRA & 1PhD ->1PDRA & 3PhDs. (1PDRA on model predictive control, 1PhD on SiC converters, 1PhD on multi-3 phase modular converters and PWMs, 1PhD on multi-level AC-AC converter) • PhD3: SumeetSingh Thakur (1/2/2018-) – Mega-Watt AC-AC Multilevel Wind Power Converters Objective: • To perform detailed comparative analysis of power converter topologies for high power, medium voltage wind turbines • Scope: • Control of Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter (M3C) for WECS • Comparative study of power converter topologies (2L-VSC-BTB | 3L-NPC-BTB | 3L-T type-BTB | MMC-BTB | M3C*) • Achievements: • Literature review completed • Simulation and closed loop control of M3C • Semiconductor requirements i.e., IGBT/Switch modules per MW power • On Going: • Scaled laboratory prototype of M3C ac-ac power conversion for WECS • Sizing of passive components, i.e., dc-bus capacitors, filter capacitors and filter inductors • Future work: • Fault ride through of M3C for symmetrical and asymmetric grid faults • Comparison of weighted efficiency and common mode voltages WP1.2. Development of novel modular multi-3-phase converters and control strategies (WECS)

32. Comparison of Power Converter Topologies (2L-VSC | 3L-NPC | 3L-T type | MMC | M3C*) *BTB: Back-to-Back configuration, refers ac-dc/dc-ac power conversion, M3C is direct ac-ac power converter 2L-Voltage Source Converter (2L-VSC) in Back-to-Back 3L-Neutral Point Clamped Converter (3L-NPC) in Back-to-Back • Semiconductor requirements i.e., IGBT/Switch modules per MW power • (Baseline design: 8MVA 2L-Voltage Source Converter Back-to-Back) • Optimum converter specifications by optimum re-arrangement of 144 IGBT modules 1700V/1400A • Semiconductor costs of different topologies: • 2L-VSC-BTB : 1 (baseline) • 3L-NPC-BTB : 1.25 • 3L-T type-BTB : 1.5 • 6L-MMC-BTB : 1.34 • 4L-M3C : 1.65 Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter (M3C) – AC/AC Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) in Back-to-Back One IGBT module 3L-T-type Converter in Back-to-Back

33. Lead Partner: DU/Dong, Co-Partner: UoS(EMD); Resource: 1 PhD • Contact: Dr Christopher Crabtree, "CRABTREE C.J." c.j.crabtree@durham.ac.uk • PhD student for this work package is in place from October 2018 WP1.3. Robust power converter design for large scale wind turbine application

34. WP1.4. Parasitic effect and sensitivity studies, including noise and vibration, bearing current and manufacturing tolerances, rotor eccentricities etc. 1PDRA & 2PhDs-> 0PDRA & 2PhDs. (PDRA will be allocated later, 1PhD on bearing current & CMV, 1PhD on generator vibration) PhD1: Yi Wei (1/10/2017-) – High-frequency effects in inverter-fed electrical machines Objective: • To investigate the high frequency effects in PMG Achievements: • Completed literature review and report • Investigation and Simulink implementation of high-frequency lumped machine modelling • Investigation of parameter determination methods, implement vector fitting method to model machine common-mode and differential-mode impedances in a wide frequency range (4Hz – 5MHz) • Investigation of machine coil voltage distribution modelling (including winding turn-to-turn and turn-to-ground voltages), using distributed circuits and FE analysis Future work: • Continue voltage distribution modelling • HF cable effect modelling • CMV modelling and mitigation strategies Problem Identified: HF common-mode voltage High dv/dt (induce) Uneven voltage stresses along coil Shaft voltage (discharge) Bearing currents Insulation faults Bearing damage

35. Comparisons between Modelled and Measured Winding Impedances Amplitude Phase (a) Common-Mode Impedance (from 3 terminals to ground point) (b) Differential-Mode Impedance (from 2 terminals to the 3rd terminal)

36. WP1.4. Parasitic effect and sensitivity studies, including noise and vibration, bearing current and manufacturing tolerances, rotor eccentricities etc. 1PDRA & 2PhDs -> 0PDRA & 3PhDs. (PDRA will be allocated later, 1PhD on bearing current & CMV, 1PhD on generator noise & vibration) PhD2: Jaime Maravi (1/10/2015) – Multi-physics investigation of DD PM Wind Power Generators Objectives • To compare the noise and vibration behaviour of integer- & fractional-slot wind power generators • To reduce the vibrations and noise by machine design Achievements • Literature review completed & report produced - According to literature review, very little research has been done in noise and vibration analysis of outer-rotor radial flux PM machines • 3D modal analysis & experimental validation for the rotor of a 3kW 48s52p generator • Investigation of force and vibration behaviour of external rotor PM generator Future work • Experimental validation of stator assembly modal analysis • Experimental validation of vibration calculation method • Comparison of noise and vibration behaviour of integer- & fractional-slot wind power generators • Extension to MW level machines

37. Modal analysis of 3kW PMSG Testing setup. FE vs measured natural frequency results. Mode shapes and natural frequencies of the structure.

38. 2PhDs. (1PhD on self-sensing at zero/low speed for SPM generator, 1PhD on self-sensing under unbalanced or fault condition) • PhD1: XimengWu (1/10/2016-) - Self-sensing at zero/low speed for SPM generator • Objective: • To use sensorless control method to start SPMG from standstill • Achievements: • Literature review & reports, ppt presented to SGRE engineers • A new method for initial rotor position identification developed & experimentally validated • A new sensorless method for starting/low speed operation developed & experimentally validated • 2 patents being filed & 2 journal papers drafted • Future work: • Parameter estimation for improving sensorless control accuracy • Mechanical rotor position estimation method based on rotor eccentricity WP1.5. Novel self-sensing control techniques for new modular generators Inverter Current Sensorless algorithm • Large shaft diameter makes it impossible to fit a physical position sensor • Sensorlesscontrol is required, making the system lower cost and more reliable • Surface-mounted SPMG used in Siemens Wind Turbine • For wind turbine, apart from normal generator mode, motor mode is also required in case of maintenance cycle • In motor mode, zero/low speed sensorless control for SPMSM is still a challenge • No enough saliency • Un-observable back-EMF at zero/low speed Controller Position signal

39. Developed sensorless techniques • Proposed a fundamental-model based sensorless control method for starting (paper drafted, patent in process) Proposed method (starting: success) Conventional fundamental-model based (back-EMF) method (starting: failure) • Proposed a novel rotor initial position estimation method (paper drafted, patent in process) Rotor initial position estimation successfully with 30 degree resolution • Comparison with conventional methods: • Less voltage pulses needed (3 only)- Less estimation time consuming • No extra current or voltage sensors- Less cost • Enhanced 30 degree estimation resolution (usually 60 degrees) - More starting torque/better starting capability Position estimation error Estimated position against actual position

40. Why using Sensorless? • 2PhDs. (1PhD on self-sensing at zero/low speed for SPM generator, 1PhD on self-sensing under unbalanced or fault condition) • PhD2: TianyiLiu (1/12/2017-) - Self-sensing under unbalanced or fault condition • Objective: • To develop fault-tolerant sensorless control methods for PMG under generator asymmetries and inverter faults • Achievements: • Literature review report & presentation completed • Conventional fundamental model based sensorless methods validation • Analysis of influence of asymmetries (resistance, inductance & emf unbalance) and modellingfor fundamental model based sensorlessmethods • Future work: • Experimental validation and refine theoretical investigation of sensorless control of PMG with asymmetries • Extension: • High frequency injection methodsfor PMGs with asymmetries and faults WP1.5. Novel self-sensing control techniques for new modular generators

41. Proposed method for solving issues about 2nd order harmonic in position estimation error Unbalanced Currents • The positive sequence components (voltage or current) can be extracted from the unbalanced signal by using sequential component extractor. • By only using the positive sequence components as the input of sensorless control algorithm, the 2nd order harmonic of estimated position can be greatly suppressed. Balanced Currents Unbalanced Currents Position Error without positive sequence extractor Position Error with positive sequence extractor

42. All PhDs & RAs. • PhD: Ximeng Wu - self-sensing at zero/low speed for SPM generator • Implemented on dSPACE • Initial position experimentally investigated • Develeopedsensorless control method for starting of SPMG is validated • PhD: YanxinLi (1/10/2014-30/12/2017) – Modular PM generators • 3kW PM generator prototyped and all findings experimentally validated • PhD: Jin Xu • Experimental investigation of influence of cogging torque on initial position • PhD: Yi Wei • Experimental verifcation of high frequency impedances • Others to be carried out WP1.6. Validation of developed generators, converters and control strategies on scaled prototype systems

43. Thank you!

44. Lead Partner: UoS(EMD)/SWP, Co-Partner: DU; Resource: 2PhDs. (1PhD on fault analysis and condition monitoring, 1PhD on health and lifetime prognosis) • 2 PhD students recruited • PhD: Zeting Mei (10/2018-) - Fault analysis and detection of permanent magnet generator • PhD: Matthew Fenton-Jones (9/2018-) - Reliability analysis and condition monitoring of power electronics converters • Research to be started • In addition, two students contributed to this WP: • PhD: Jin Xu (1/10/2017-) – Control of multi-3-phase converters with asymmetries and faults • Mathematical modelling of dual-three phase machines with asymmetries • PhD: Tianyi Liu (1/12/2017-) - Self-sensing under unbalanced or fault condition • Abnormal conditions analysis (parameter unbalance, e.g. resistance, inductance, & emf) for fundamental model sensorless methods. • Abnormal conditions analysis for high frequency injection methods WP3.5. Generator and converter fault analyses, including open- and short-circuits, and health and condition monitoring