Urban Design I

1. Urban Design I History of Urban Development

2. The Pack-Donkey’s Way and Man’s way Man walks in a straight line because he has a goal and knows where he is going. The pack-donkey make zigzags in order to avoid the larger stones, or to ease the climb.

3. Man governs his feelings by his reason; his intelligence formulates laws which are the products of experience. The Pack-donkey’s way is responsible for the plan of every continental city; Paris, İstanbul, rome, etc. The houses were planted along the tracks, and Pack-donkey’s way , inhabitants built a fortified wall round and a town hall inside it. They legislated, toiled,lived and always repected the Pack-donkey’s way .

4. Almeida, Portugal

5. Saint Martin de Re, Fransa

6. Istanbul, old city

7. These villages-town, when become a great capital. They have only capillaries, no arteries: further growth, therefore, implies sickness or death. In order to survive, their existence has for a long time been in the hands of surgeons who operate constantly.

8. Roman Colonies The romans were great legislaters, great colonizers. When they arrived at a place, at a cross road or at a river bank, they took a square and set out the plan of a rectilinear town. So that it should be clear, well arranged, easy to police and clean. But what an ironical situation, at home, in Rome, they allowed themselves to be stifled by the Pack-donkey’s way.

10. Components of old Cities • In a Gothic city : Pack-donkey’s way-streets. (only horse or man can pass through.) Spontaneous Squares ( surrounded by a church, town hall) Houses, military barracks, crown palace. • In a renaissance and baroque city: Larged streets ( market cart or horse car can also pass through) Geometrical designed squares- axis (main streets- avenues) Houses, bourgeois and crown palace, theaters public spaces,gardens.

11. Palmanova,italy A fortified town of the renaissance

12. Naarden, Holland

13. Machinary, Industrial Revolution, XXL cities • Increasement in city population, cars, planes, motorways, train stations, business, etc. All cause a new way of city life (dis)order.

14. The plan of the city The basic principles we must follow are these: • We must de-congest the center of our cities. • We must augment their density. • We must increase the means for getting about. • We must increase parks and open spaces.

15. Population This consists of the citizien proper, of suburban dwellers, and of a mixed kind; A-Citizien are of the city: those who work and live inside of the city B-Suburban dwellers are those who work in the outer industrial zone and who do not come into City center, they live in garden Cities (satellite cities) C-The mixed sort are those who work in the business parts of the city but bring up their families in garden cities. Brondby, Danmark

16. Brondby, Danmark Nahalal, Jezreel Valley, Israel

17. The streets • The modern street in the true sense of the word is a new type of organism, a sort of stretched-out-workshop, a home for many complicated and delicate organs, such as gas, water and electric mains • The modern street should be a masterpiece of civil engineering no longer a job for navvies.

18. Parks and open spaces, squares Central Park, NY

19. Parks and open spaces, squares Times Square, NY

20. Substructure- transportation/subways, energy/water/communication systems