COIS11011 Term One, 2008 Course Review Lecture Ken Howah, course coordinator

1. COIS11011 WEEK 12 COIS11011 Term One, 2008 Course Review Lecture Ken Howah, course coordinator Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

2. Basic systems model • A system consists of interrelated components working together to achieve a common goal • All systems can be viewed in terms of an Input – Process – Output model Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

3. Basic Systems IT IS USEFUL TO VIEW A SYSTEM AS AN INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT MODEL. TWO EXAMPLES: INPUTPROCESS (incl components)OUTPUT Landscaping ideas, plans GARDENING SYSTEM: Plants, fertilizer, water, sunlight, human labour A beautiful garden Information, knowledge, wisdom DATA INFORMATION SYSTEM: Hardware, software, networks, skilled people Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

4. Information systems • Data, Information, Knowledge & Wisdom • 5 key elements • Dual nature of I.S. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

5. Data is at the root and is the purpose of Information Systems (I) • Distinction between: • Data – raw, unformatted information • E.g.: 0743909999 • Information – data that is transformed to have a meaning • E.g.: (07) 4930-9999 • Knowledge – body of governing procedures used to organize or manipulate data • Wisdom – accumulated knowledge Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

6. The Dual Nature of IS • IS can make or break a business • Aussie Uni – Disaster • $47m in the red • Peoplesoft disaster • Myer – IT renewal • Break-off from Coles • Spending $99m on IT refurbish • New merchandising I.S. called MYMERCH • New supply chain network • Urbanbaby.com.au – ecommerce success • Doubled revenue every year since 2001 • Got the technology right • Now hires 10 people Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

7. Information Systems: 5 key elements • Combination of five key elements: • People • Hardware • Software • Data • Telecommunications networks Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

8. IS Infrastructure • IS infrastructure components: • Hardware • Software • Networks • Data • Facilities • Human resources • Services Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

9. Infrastructure: Computing systems • On-demand • Grid • Edge • Autonomic Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

10. Managing knowledge • What is KM • Business Intelligence • Explicit • Tacit Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

11. Infrastructure: Databases • Database Management Systems (dbms) • Data warehouses • Data marts • Data mining • Structured Query Language Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

12. Data backup techniques • Principle of redundancy • Mirroring • Striping etc • Disaster recovery Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

13. Networks • Networks – interconnect computers • Local Area Networks (servers, clients) • Wide Area Networks – interconnect networks • Internet, Intranet, Extranets • TCP/IP • Routers Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

14. Technology developments • IP convergence = • Devices now defaulting to using tcp/ip (internet language) Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

15. E-Commerce • B2B • B2C • C2C • G2C • The three stages of B2C e-commerce Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

16. What can be done on the web • GLOBAL CUSTOMER BASE • CHEAP MARKETING TOOL • REACH MORE PEOPLE • PULL INFORMATION FROM LIVE DATABASES • REAL TIME DATA • UP-TO-THE-MINUTE DATA Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

17. Most Common Types of E-Commerce • Business-to-consumer (B2C) • A person buys a book from Amazon.com • Business-to-business (B2B) • Retailer like Wal-Mart ordering from distributors • Business-to-employee (B2E) • Employee uses the Web to amend details • Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) • One person purchases from another on eBay • Government-to-consumer (G2C) • Government services online, e.g. taxation Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

18. E-COMMERCE APPROACHES E-Commerce Business Strategies • From no e-commerce, thru to e-commerce only. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

19. Stages of B2C E-Commerce • Websites range from passive to active Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

20. Attracting and Retaining Online Customers • Basic rule of commerce • Offer valuable products/services at fair prices • Additional e-commerce rules • The Web site should offer something unique • The Web site must be aesthetically pleasing • The Web site must be easy to use and fast • The Web site must motivate people to visit, stay and return • You must advertise your presence on the Web • You should learn from your Web site Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

21. Organisations: mgt levels • Three levels of management • Three levels of decision making • Types of information req’d by each • Structured decisions • Semi-structured decisions • Unstructured decisions Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

22. KEY CONCEPT Decision-Making Levels of an Organization Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

23. Transaction Processing System • Operational level • Purpose: • Processing of business events and transactions • Increase efficiency • Automation • Lower costs • Increased speed and accuracy • Examples • Payroll processing • Sales and order processing • Inventory management • Etc. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

24. Management Information Systems • Managerial level • Purpose: • Produce reports • Support of midlevel managers’ decisions • Examples • Sales forecasting • Financial management and forecasting • Manufacturing, planning and scheduling • Inventory management and planning • Etc. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

25. Executive Information Systems • A.k.a. Executive support systems • Executive level • Purpose • Aid in executive decision-making • Provide information in highly aggregated form • Examples • Monitoring of internal and external events and resources • Crisis management • Etc. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

26. 7 Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

27. Decision support systems • What-if analysis is basic to DSS • Most common tool - the spreadsheet • Specialist software can also be purchased to enable more sophisticated data dicing and slicing. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

28. Enterprise I.S. • EIS addresses fundamental problem: lack of integration among legacy systems • Concept of the “value chain” • Vanilla software VS in-house dev’t – need to do cost-benefit analysis Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

29. Enterprise Systems: • Non-enterprise system problems: • Information systems growing over time • Lack of integration • Different computing platforms • Difficult to integrate • Data must be reentered from one system to another • Same pieces of data stored in several versions Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

30. Value Chain • Flow of information through a set of business activities • Core activities – functional areas that process inputs and produce outputs • Support activities – enable core activities to take place Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

31. Vanilla Versus Customized ES’s • Vanilla version • Modules the version comes with out of the box • Certain processes might not be supported • Customization • Additional software or changes to vanilla version • Always needs to be updated with new versions of vanilla Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

32. Security Issues • Invasive intrusion (spyware, viruses) • Security audits or analysis • VPN’s – use encryption tunneling technology to secure internet communications. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

33. Primary Threats to Information Systems Security • Accidents and natural disasters • Power outages, cats walking across keyboards • Employees and consultants • Links to outside business contacts • Travel between business affiliates • Outsiders • Viruses Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

34. Ethics & Crime • Major ethical issues in I.S. (accuracy, privacy and property) • Types of computer crime (data diddling etc etc) Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

35. Computer Ethics – main issues • Issues and standards of conduct pertaining to the use of information systems • 1986 – Richard O. Mason article • Most ethical debates relate to • Information privacy • Information accuracy • Information property • Information accessibility Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

36. Types of Computer Crimes Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

37. ** END OF LECTURE ** GOOD LUCK EVERYONE Ken Howah Lecturer & course coordinator Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World