Lecture 15: Course Review

1. Lecture 15: Course Review BJ Furman ME 30 16MAY2011

2. The Plan for Today • Review of what we covered this semester • Overview of computers and programming • Algorithm development • Selection structures • Operators • Repetition structures • Modular programming • Pointers and Arrays • Strings • File I/O • Embedded programming • Spreadsheets for engineering computation • Matlab/Octave for engineering computation

3. Learning Objectives • List the important concepts we covered • Develop a plan to prepare for the final exam

4. Overview of computers and programming • Where and how computers are used by MAEs • List some of the major areas • List some of the software • Memory and addresses • Hex numbers as a shorthand for 4-bit chunks • Data types • naming and declaration • memory allocation • Formatted I/O with printf and scanf • Focus of ME 30

5. Algorithm Development • List and describe the steps in designing a program • Articulate what is meant by an algorithm • Be able to generate pseudocode for an algorithm

6. Selection Structures • Be able to apply the three kinds of selection structures: • if • if/else • switch • Syntax and logic • Relational operators (< <= > >= != ==) • test for equality • Logical operators ( &&, | |, ! ) • Used in compound expressions for selection decision • Bit-wise ( &, |, ~, ^ )

7. Repetition Structures • Be able to apply the three kinds of repetition structures: • while • do/while • for • Syntax and logic

8. Modular Programming (functions) • Why are functions important? • Working with functions • function prototype • defining a function • return data type • passing arguments • Scope of variables • Program (global scope) • File (just in the immediate source file) • Function-prototype (just in the prototype) • Function (applies only to labels) • Block (“between the { } scope”) • Pointers and returning multiple values

9. Pointers and Arrays • What is a pointer? • A variable that holds an address for a memory location • int *ptr1 = &myvar1; // defines a pointer to an int and assigns the memory location of the variable myvar1 • Using the indirection operator to get the value pointed to • int myvar1 = 32; int *ptr1 = &myvar1; *ptr1 = *ptr1 + 1; // myvar1 == ?? • What is an array? • Declare and initialize an array • Access elements in an array • remember that in C, indexing starts at 0! • Arrays and pointers

10. Strings • What is a string? • NUL ( \0 ) terminated array of characters • String constant, string variable • "Hello, world"; • char a[ ] = "Hello, world"; • How many elements in this array? • sizeof (a) / sizeof (char); • Access elements in an string variable • remember that in C, indexing starts at 0! • Strings and pointers • Name of string variable is treated like a pointer to its first element

11. Microcontrollers • Handling printed circuit boards • Arduino microcontroller • Inputs and Outputs • How to specify whether a pin is an input or output • Programming the Arduino • Reading to and writing from digital pins • Reading to and writing from analog pins • Writing a program for the Arduino • setup() • loop()

12. Excel for Engineering Applications • Chart types • Scatter vs. line • Opening data files • Annotating charts for publication • Trend line and regression • Using Solver • Macros

13. Matlab/Octave for Engineering Applications • Array and vector creation • Array indexing starts with 1 • Manipulating elements in arrays • Matrix operations • Script files and functions • File I/O • Plotting

14. Review

15. References

16. IF Structure Syntax if(expression) /* if expression is TRUE (not equal to zero) */ { statement1; /* then execute statements between { } */ statement2; } else { statement3; /* otherwise execute these statements */ statement4; }

17. Switch-case structure switch(expression)// Expression must result in an integer value { case match1: // if exp is match1, then execute statements between { } { statement1; } break; case match2:// if exp is match1, then execute statements between { } { statement2; } break; default:// if no match, then execute statements between { } { statement3; } break;

18. WHILE Structure Syntax while(expression) /* if expression is TRUE (!= zero) */ { statement1; /* then execute statements between { } */ statement2; }

19. DO-WHILE Structure Syntax do { statement1; // do the stuff between the { } statement2; } while(condition); // while condition is true

20. FOR Structure Syntax for(i=0; i<5; i++) { statement1; // do the stuff between the { } statement2; }