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Present-Day Descendants of z=3.1 Ly Emitting (LAE) Galaxies in the Millennium-II Halo Merger Trees. Millennium Workshop 2012, December 18, 2012. Jean P. Walker Soler – Rutgers University Eric Gawiser (Advisor) – Rutgers University Nicholas A. Bond – Goddard Space Flight Center
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Present-Day Descendants of z=3.1 LyEmitting (LAE) Galaxies in the Millennium-II Halo Merger Trees Millennium Workshop 2012, December 18, 2012 Jean P. Walker Soler – Rutgers University Eric Gawiser (Advisor) – Rutgers University Nicholas A. Bond – Goddard Space Flight Center Nelson Padilla (Advisor) – Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Harold Francke – Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Outline of the Methodology Clustering Measurement (Observation) Measure Clustering of Models Dark Matter Halo Mass and Number Density Create Simulation Models Descendants of Models
Motivation • We wish to understand how galaxy populations connect with each other from one redshift to another. • By using this selection technique, we do not use any gas physics in assigning galaxies to halos. • While conditional mass function can predict the evolution of halos, it cannot provide sub-halo information. • Using the Millennium-II simulation we can study how DM halo mass and age selection affect the properties of their descendants.
What is a Lyman α Emitter? • Selection Technique • LAEs are identified by their strong Lyman α emission (EWrest > 40 Å). • A combination of broadband and narrowband filters allow the measurement of the equivalent width of the Lyman αline. • Basic Properties of z ~ 3.1 LAEs • Age ~ 0.22 Gyr • MStellar ~ 5 x 109 M • E(B-V) ~ 0.046 • See Acquaviva et al. 2011. • MUSYC z~3.1 LAE Selection • (BV – NB5000) > 1 • BV is found from averaging the flux from B and V bands. V B O3
Clustering Measurement (Observation) r0 = 3.6 Mpc Log10(Mmed) = 10.9 n = 1.5x10-3 Mpc-3 Figure from Guaita et al. 2010. Ga07 LAE point from Gawiser et al. 2007. Clustering measurements at z=3.1 (Gawiser et al. 2007) and at z=2.1 (Guaita et al. 2010)
Selecting Lyman α Emitting Hosting Halo • Mass Selected Models • Mass Limit • Selected a random sub-sampling of halos with M >= 10^10.6 M. • Median • Selected around the median mass of 10^10.9 M. • +1σ • Selected around the upper 1 sigma mass of 10^11.4 M. • -1σ • Selected around the lower 1 sigma mass of 10^10 M.
Age Definitions • Formation Age-Age where the most massive sub-halo in timestep is half the mass of the most massive sub-halo in the merger tree. • Assembly Age-Age where the sum of sub-halos in a timestep is half the mass of the most massive sub-halo in the merger tree. • Merger Age-Determines where two central sub-halos have a ratio less than or equal to 3 and where one of their descendants becomes a satellite of the other descendant. We report when these two descendant sub-halos merge
Selecting Lyman α Emitting Hosting Halo • Age Selected Models • Formation Age: • Young: Selected 5% youngest halos. • Median: Selected 5% around the median age. • Assembly Age: • Young: Selected 5% youngest halos. • Median: Selected 5% around the median age. • Major Merger Age: • Young: Selected 5% youngest halos. • Median: Selected 5% around the median age.
Clustering of LAEs in Dark Matter Halos γ = 1.8 Best Fit • Median and Mass limit models have the measured clustering. • The other models have their expected clustering.
Υ = 1.8 Best Fit Clustering of LAEs in Dark Matter Halos • Clustering of the Formation Young and Assembly Young is higher compared to their median aged models. • Merger models are consistent with each other and measured LAE clustering.
Descendants of Mass Selected Models +1σ Mass Limit Median -1σ • Descendants of the Median and Mass Limit models have similar median halo masses at each redshift. (Mmedian = 10^12.58 M⊙ @ z=0) • The uncertainty of the clustering measurement produce a spread in descendant median halo masses on the order of ~ 0.8 dex. (Mmedian = 10^12.95 M⊙ @ z=0 and Mmedian = 10^11.71 M⊙)
Descendants of Age Selected Models Form Young Form Median Assem Young Assem Median Merger Young Merger Median • Descendants of age based models are have small deviation based on age selection (Mmedian ~ 10^12.7 M⊙ @ z=0) • The small deviations are negligible when compared to the uncertainty of the clustering measurements of LAEs at z=3.1.
Conclusions • The central descendants (~66%) at z=0 have masses of Log10(M/M⊙)=11.8+0.6-1.0 and full distribution masses of Mmedian = 10^12.58+0.4-0.9 M⊙. • The central descendants have dark matter masses similar to L* type galaxies at z=0. • Age-based models have very similar descendant mass distributions with a central median mass of Log10(M/M⊙)=12.0 and full distribution median mass of Mmedian = 10^12.7 M⊙. • This method allows us to study the connections between galaxies at different redshifts as long as we make an assumption of galaxy/dark matter halo occupation. • For details see Walker Soler et al. 2012