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Dynamics: Nov. 11

Dynamics: Nov. 11. Which are non-divergent, irrational ??. Circulation:. =. Circulations often conserved. Orthonormal to div, vort. Deformation:. Flow can be broken down into divergent, rotational, and deformation components. Flow over mountains. Both deformation And shear

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Dynamics: Nov. 11

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  1. Dynamics: Nov. 11

  2. Which are non-divergent, irrational ??

  3. Circulation: = Circulations often conserved. Orthonormal to div, vort. Deformation: • Flow can be broken down into divergent, rotational, and deformation components Flow over mountains

  4. Both deformation And shear Strengthen frontal zones

  5. Effective gravity g, includes centrifugal force Motion introduces additional force : Coriolis f= Flow to right of motion =>CW in NH

  6. INERTIAL CIRCLES: less common in atmosphere (less inertia) • 2 examples: • land-sea breeze (Hsu, 1970, MWR) • mountain slope/valley circulation (Rocky Mountains/Plains) • katabatic flow ?

  7. Motion determined by balance between pressure gradient Force, Coriolis force, frictional force Midlatitude horizontal velocities ~ 10 m/s Dv/dt ~ 10-4 m s-2 Coriolis force ~fV~10-3 m s-2 Geostrophic wind = balanced pressure/coriolis flow NH Fx,y =vertical gradient in horizonal momentum *1/

  8. In Boundary Layer, frictional drag in evidence Wind speed sub-geostrophic, drifts towards lower pressure fV = |P|cos

  9. Gradient Wind: in regions of high curvature, add the centripetal acceleration to eqn of motion Sub-geostrophic Super-geostrophic

  10. The vertical shear in geostrophic wind Is related to the horizontal temperature gradient Thermal Wind: Barotropic atm => grad T =0 =>geostrophic wind constant Equivalent barotropic

  11. Again… Explains why westerlies strongest At top of troposphere

  12. Do these plots make sense ?? 30-yr Mean meridional Profile Of temp. and zonal Wind, from Australia to Eastern Siberia, January

  13. Cold advection Warm advection

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