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Picking Up the Pieces: The Congress of Vienna. Objectives. Explain what the Congress of Vienna was. Define and explain “balance of power.” Define and explain “legitimacy.” Define and explain “nationalism.”. Europe in 1812. The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815).
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Objectives • Explain what the Congress of Vienna was. • Define and explain “balance of power.” • Define and explain “legitimacy.” • Define and explain “nationalism.”
Main Objectives • Undo everything that Napoléon had done: • Reduce France to its old boundaries; French frontier were pushed back to 1790 level (to the beginning of the French Revolution). • Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during Napoleon’s reign. • Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)
Prince Klemens von Metternich The host and most influential representative at Congress of Vienna. Metternich was a conservative; he was opposed to revolution and preferred gradual change. Sought stability, law, and order over the civil liberties and rights. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Metternich_(c._1835-40).jpg
Two Key Principles Established at Vienna • Balance of Power • Legitimacy • The leaders of the big five countries wanted a balance of power, which is a political situation in which no nation is strong enough to endanger another. • They also wanted the stability and continuity of legitimate governments (governments with the hereditary right to rule); they did not want more revolutions.
And One Major Effect • The decisions made by the Congress of Vienna kicked off a wave of nationalism in a number of European Countries. • Nationalism is the belief that peoples’ greatest loyalty should be to nation of people who share common culture or history, not to king or empire.
Objectives • Explain what the Congress of Vienna was. • Define and explain “balance of power.” • Define and explain “legitimacy.” • Define and explain “nationalism.”
Turn to pg. 674 in your textbooks and take a look at the two maps at the top of the page. • With one or two shoulder partners, list some of the changes made because of the Congress of Vienna. • Be prepared to discuss in three minutes!
Changes in the Balance of Power • France was lost all territory conquered by Napoléon. • Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). • Switzerland made an independent country. • Group of 39 German states loosely joined together as a Germanic Confederation dominated by Austria and Prussia. • Austria was given back territory it lost, plus more in Germany and Italy. • Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic united to form Kingdom of the Netherlands.
After the Congress, the Balance of Power was more like this…
Objectives • Explain what the Congress of Vienna was. • Define and explain “balance of power.” • Define and explain “legitimacy.” • Define and explain “nationalism.”
Monarchs Restored by the Congress of Vienna Louis XVIII of France Ferdinand VII of Spain Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Establishing Legitimacy, Containing Revolution • Monarchs in France, Spain, and in some Italian and Central European states restored. Powers affirmed principle of legitimacy; hoped monarchs would encourage stability. • They believed that monarchs were the ones that had the right to rule.
Objectives • Explain what the Congress of Vienna was. • Define and explain “balance of power.” • Define and explain “legitimacy.” • Define and explain “nationalism.”
Nationalism, and the Long-Term Legacy of the Congress of Vienna • Nationalism spread to Italy, Germany, Greece, and other locations placed under foreign control. • For all its flaws, the Congress of Vienna managed to create a stable Europe for the next 100 years (until World War I).
