Copy the following onto the top half of NB p. 29.

1. Copy the following onto the top half of NB p. 29. Class Notes 7.1: Describe the sorts of people who made up the Patriots and the Loyalists during the Revolutionary War.

2. Copy the following onto the bottom of NB p. 29.

3. Lesson 7.1a: Strengths and Weaknesses Today we will describe Patriots and Loyalists, and list the American and British strengths and weaknesses at the start of the Revolutionary War.

4. Vocabulary • allegiance – loyalty and support • expanse – a wide, uninterrupted space • currency – anything used for trade, especially money in the form of coins or paper bills

5. Check for Understanding • What are going to do today? • What does our pledge of allegiance mean? • What other forms of currency do people use instead of money? • What is an example of an expanse?

6. What We Already Know The publication of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense convinced many American colonists that they should renounce their allegiance to Britain.

7. What We Already Know With King George’s rejection of the Olive Branch Petition and his sending more troops to America, Congress decided it had no choice but to declare independence.

8. What We Already Know At the direction of Congress, Thomas Jefferson wrote a Declaration of Independence based on the idea that governments rule with the consent of the people, and to protect the rights of the people.

9. Americans Divided • The issue of separating from Great Britain divided Americans into two groups. • Between 20 and 30 percent were Loyalists. • About 40 to 45 percent were Patriots. • Patriots and Loyalists came from all walks of life and from all parts of America.

10. Americans Divided Patriots Neutrals 30% 40% 30% Loyalists

11. The Patriots . . . • lived in largest numbers in Virginia and New England. • were Native Americans who lived near colonists and interacted with them. • were African Americans who hoped American independence would bring greater equality.

12. The Loyalists . . . • lived in largest numbers in New York State, in cities, and in the South. • worked for the British govern–ment or as ministers in the Church of England • were Native Americans who feared losing their lands to settlers. • were African Americans who were offered freedom by the British government if they served in the British army.

13. Creating an Army • In 1775, George Washington took command of the Continental Army. • His first task: to raise and equip an army.

14. Creating an Army • In 1775, the Continental Army was formed from state militias, made up of untrained volunteers. • Their terms of enlistment were short, so they didn’t stay long. • Congress did not give the army enough supplies.

15. Creating an Army • Washington’s main goal for his army was to have it survive. • He needed to win some battles and avoid a big defeat. • To win a major battle, he needed a large, well-equipped army.

16. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

17. How were Americansdivided over the issue of separating from Great Britain? X X

18. How were Americansdivided over the issue of separating from Great Britain? • Americans were almost evenly split on the issue. • The vast majority of Americans supported independence from Britain. • The vast majority of Americans remained neutral. • The vast majority of Americans remained loyal to Britain. X X

19. 1. Who were Patriots? • Colonists who lived in largest numbers in Virginia and New England • Native Americans who feared losing their lands to settlers • African Americans who hoped American independence would bring greater equality • Colonists who lived in largest numbers in New York State, in cities, and in the South • Colonists who worked for the British government or as ministers in the Church of England Choose all that are true!

20. 1. Who were Loyalists? • Native Americans who lived near colonists and interacted with them • Colonists who lived in largest numbers in New York State, in cities, and in the South • African Americans who hoped American independence would bring greater equality • Colonists who worked for the British government or as ministers in the Church of England • Native Americans who feared losing their lands to settlers Choose all that are true!

21. 2. Why was George Washington’s job as commander of the Continental Army difficult? • The enlistment period was short. • The men were always in need of supplies. • They were fighting on unfamiliar ground. • Few of the Continentals had any training or experience. • Most Americans remained loyal to Britain. Choose all that are true!

22. Strengths and Weaknesses of Great Britain and the American Colonies in 1776

23. British Strengths

24. 3-to-1 population advantage

25. A professional army

26. Indian allies

27. Money to hire Hessian mercenaries

28. World’s largest and best navy

29. British Weaknesses

30. Poor military and political leadership

31. Divided public opinion

32. Far away from the colonies

33. Vast expanses to conquer, with no single capital city

34. Britain had to win; a draw would mean victory for the colonies

35. Strengths of the American Colonies

36. Outstanding political and military leadership

37. Hopes of foreign assistance

38. Defensive strategy; close to home and supplies

39. Superior marksmanship

40. Belief in a just cause

41. Weaknesses of the American Colonies

42. Lack of unity between colonists and between the colonies

43. Very little currency in the colonies

44. Few weapons or military supplies

45. No industrial base, few manufactured goods

46. Unreliable, untrained, undisciplined militia

47. 3-to-1 population advantage Strengths AmericanBritish 3-to-1 population advantage

48. 3-to-1 population advantage A professional army Strengths AmericanBritish A professional army

49. Belief in a just cause 3-to-1 population advantage A professional army Strengths AmericanBritish Belief in a just cause

50. Belief in a just cause Defensive strategy; close to home and supplies 3-to-1 population advantage A professional army Strengths AmericanBritish Defensive strategy; close to home and supplies