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Introduction To The Oilfield Workshop Presentation

Introduction To The Oilfield Workshop Presentation. The following presentation was made as part of the “ Introduction To the Oilfield Workshop” held in Houston TX, April 29, 2009 Please direct questions or comments to Ron Hinn (ron.hinn@gmail.com). Petroleum Products.

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Introduction To The Oilfield Workshop Presentation

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  1. Introduction To The OilfieldWorkshop Presentation The following presentation was made as part of the “ Introduction To the Oilfield Workshop” held in Houston TX, April 29, 2009 Please direct questions or comments to Ron Hinn (ron.hinn@gmail.com)

  2. Petroleum Products A Barrel of Crude Oil Provides: Gasoline - 19.5 gallons One Barrel = 42 gallons Fuel Oil - 9.2 gallons Jet Fuel - 4.1 gallons Asphalt - 2.3 gallons Kerosene - 0.2 gallons Lubricants - 0.5 gallons Petrochemicals, other products - 6.2 gallons American Petroleum Institute, 1999

  3. Petrochemical Products More Than 3,000 Products • Detergents - Cosmetics • Fertilizers - Weed Killers • Medicine - Antiseptics - Anesthetics • Plastics - Synthetic Fibers • Synthetic Rubber • Rust Preventatives • Liquid Petroleum Gas American Petroleum Institute, 1999

  4. Geoscience Considerations & Reservoir Engineering

  5. How Is Oil Created?

  6. What Are the Different Components of Oil?

  7. Crude Oil 84-87% 11-14% 0.06-2% 0.1-2% 0.1-2% Natural Gas 65 – 80% 1-25% 0-0.2% 1-15% 0% Chemical Composition of Hydrocarbons Carbon Hydrogen Sulfur Nitrogen Oxygen

  8. Before Oil, What Was Used for Fuel?

  9. How Long Does It Take to Make Oil?

  10. How Does Plate Tectonics Contribute to the Creation of Oil? Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core

  11. PANGEA Continent break up

  12. Page 2

  13. Geologic Deposition - Example Non Technical Guide To Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production – Norman Hyne

  14. Gharif Outcrops (Oman) Pleistocene BU? BL CF/BU BL South Cliffs UG1 - Laterally accreting Channel Bars BL Stacked (amalgamated) channels with variable accommodation North Cliffs UG2 -Stacked Channel-Belt Sandstones Overlying Floodplain Silty Mudstones BL BL FP BL

  15. The Origin of Petroleum Organic-rich Source Rock Thermally Matured Organic Matter Oil

  16. Page 10

  17. 3-D Reservoir Mapping A 3-d geological cross section of the Stevens reservoir at the Elk Hills field in California. The model delineates the subsurface structure, which traps the oil and gas deposits, and the producing wells penetrating the reservoir.

  18. Hydrocarbon Trap Types Anticline Fault Salt Dome Pinchout Unconformity American Petroleum Institute, 1986

  19. Page 5

  20. Page 21

  21. Reservoir Sandstone Good Porosity = Lots of Space for Petroleum Pores (blue)

  22. “Reservoir Considerations” • Porosity = % of “void” space within rock • 0% porosity – Non productive • 1-3% porosity – Marginal (dependent on perm) • 4+% porosity – Productive (dependent on perm) • Permeability = measure of the “connectivity” of the porosity (measured in millidarcies) • 0-.01 md – Likely non productive • .01 - .1md – Tight, but productive with stimulation • .1md + - Likely able to produce

  23. “Reservoir Considerations” • Crude Gravity – Dependent on crude composition (“degree”) • 35 gravity – “Light Crude” – Premium Value • 28 – 30 gravity – “Typical Crude” – Normal Value • 8 – 15 gravity – “Heavy Crude” – Lower Value • Gas Heating Value – (BTU Content) • 1000 BTU – Standard Value • < 900 BTU – Deduct for lower heating value • < 500 BTU – “Trash Gas” - Significant deduct • Other considerations – CO2 and H2S Content (Non-Hydrocarbon )

  24. Page 17

  25. US HydrocarbonOccurrenceLargest 25 Oil Fieldsby Ultimate Recovery

  26. East Texas Oil Field (1930) Unconformity T rap Unconformity T rap W est W est East East Sea Level Sea Level Reservoir Reservoir 1,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 Seal Seal unconformity unconformity 3,000 3,000 120°F Kitchen Kitchen • Largest “lower-48” field • Largest “lower-48” field • More than 5 billion barrels recoverable • More than 5 billion barrels recoverable American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1990

  27. Prudhoe Bay Oil Field (1968) Anticlinal/Unconformity Largest North American Field – Est 8 Billion BBls Recoverable American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1990

  28. Geophysics

  29. We Think We Have Found Oil on a Property Lease... What Comes Next?

  30. How Are Seismic Measurements Taken on Land?

  31. How Are Seismic Measurements Taken in a Marine Environment?

  32. Seismic Image of Anticline 1000 Milliseconds 2000 3000 1 km

  33. Qatar – Oil & Gas Fields

  34. OPQL – Geologic Setting – ISND & ISSD

  35. Technology’s ImportanceThe “Chronometer” Story • 1707 – Three ships of British navy shipwreck in the fog on Scilly Islands, UK Coast Longitude measure was needed 1714 – Board of Longitude Established – Awards established ($200K +) 1737 – John Harrison – Clockmaker “chronometer development” Longitude at a point may be determined by calculating the time difference between that at its location and “Coordinated Universal Time”

  36. 20th Century E&P “Chronometers” 1883 1900’s 1914 1924 1930’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s Anticlinal Theory Rotary Drilling Seismograph Well Logging Offshore Drilling Digital Computer Directional Drilling 3D Seismic 4D Seismic Concept of ‘Where-to-Drill’ Drill deeper 1D subsurface imaging Subsurface rock/fluid properties Access to new areas and basins 2D subsurfaceimaging Access to areas with surface obstacles, horizontal drilling More precise subsurface imaging Subsurfce fluid movement AAPG Slides - JMA

  37. Early 21st Century E&P Technology Focus • Conventional resources – recovery increase • 10% increase in recovery = 1.4 Trillion Bbl • EOR (e.g Carbon Dioxide – CO2 Miscible) • Heavy oil (Steam Flooding) • Deepwater / Ultradeep water • Unconventional gas / oil • Coalbed methane, shale-gas

  38. 21st Century – TechnologyDeepwater Development • Definition of Deepwater / Ultradeepwater • 1000 ft / 5000 ft of water • Then drill 15,000 - 20,000 ft below sea floor! • Worldwide Activity • 130 projects +/-. Added 15 projects in 2007. • Spending 2007-’11 est. at $300 Billion US • West Africa, Latin America, Gulf of Mexico • Importance to US • 25% of total US production (vs. 0% 30 yrs. ago) • “Jack” Field – Chevron et al - 7000’ water, 20,000’depth • Potential 3-15 Bill. bbls of oil • North Slope – produced 15 Bill bbls. over last 30 yrs • $100MM/well Graphic Source: “Dispatch From The Oil Frontier” – Popular Mechanics 4/08

  39. 21st Century – TechnologyDeepwater Development Graphic Source: “Dispatch From The Oil Frontier” – Popular Mechanics 4/08

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