Risk Management Department

1. Risk Management Department Personal Protective Equipment April, 2008

2. Personal Protective Equipment Introduction Personal protection equipment is important. So important, that in 1994, OSHA (the Occupational Safety and Health Administration) established 29 CFR 1910.132-138, the Personal Protection Equipment standard. Briefly stated, this standard requires that employers must establish and administer an effective PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) program for employees and that employees be trained in the proper use of PPE

3. Personal Protective Equipment Introduction In addition, the State Workers’ Compensation Act requires injury benefits paid to an injured worker to be reduced by ten percent (10%) if the employee failed to use safety equipment provided by his or her employer.

4. Personal Protective Equipment Introduction Further, the APS Safety Manual requires employees to recognize the hazards inherent in their jobs and abide by safety rules and safe work methods. Employees‘ responsibilities include: • Take responsibility for personal safety and safety of students and co-workers. • Follow all safety rules and procedures. • Use all personal protective equipment as required.

5. Personal Protective Equipment Introduction There are several types of personal protective equipment. These include: • Eye protection • Head protection • Hand Protection • Foot protection • Foot protection

6. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Your eyes are very delicate. You can think of them as the color television cameras for your brain. Like a camera, your eyes include: • A lens that focuses light • An iris that controls the amount of light that enters the eye • Receptors that "pick up" the image of what you see • An optic nerve that transmits information from the receptors in your eye to your brain

7. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Unlike a television camera that is made of plastic and metal, your eye is made of soft tissues and blood vessels. Damage your eyes, and you have big trouble. Trouble that can be permanent!.

8. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Potential Hazards • Objects striking the eye; - Contact with chemicals and other hazardous materials; - Being struck by objects - Viewing radiant energy sources such as welding operations - Dusts, Powders, Fumes, and Mists - Small particles of matter can enter your eyes

9. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Potential Hazards • Toxic Gases, Vapors, and Liquids • Flying Objects or Particles • Electrical Hazards

10. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection To avoid serious eye damage, several types of eye protection are available: • Safety Glasses • Goggles • Face Shield • Welding Mask • Absorptive lenses

11. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Safety Glasses • Most widely used type of eye protection • Stronger and resistant to impact and heat than regular glasses • Most have side shields that give you protection from hazards that may not be directly in front of you • Both prescription and nonprescription safety glasses are available • Wide variety of lens coatings are available for special work situations

12. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Goggles • More protection than safety glasses because they fit closer to your face • Because goggles surround the eye area, they give you more protection in situations where you might encounter splashing liquids, fumes, vapors, powders, dusts, and mists • Different types of goggles are available • They must indicate that they are chemical splash goggles to be worn for that purpose

13. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Face Shields • Face shields offer you full face protection and are often used around operations which expose you to molten metal, chemical splashes, or flying particles. Many face shields can be used while wearing a hard hat • NOTE: You should always wear safety glasses or goggles when using a face shield for added protection. Face shields alone are NOT considered adequate eye protection

14. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Welding helmets • Welding helmets provide both face and eye protection • Welding helmets use special absorptive lenses that filter the intense light and radiant energy that is produced during welding operations • As with face shields, safety glasses or goggles should be worn when using a welding helmet

15. Personal Protective Equipment Eye Protection Contact Lenses If you wear contacts, keep the following safety tips in mind • You may not wear your contacts while using a full face respirator • Wear your contacts with caution if you work in areas where you might be exposed to fumes, dusts, powders, vapors, chemical splashes, molten metals, or intense heat, light or glare • If you get anything under your contacts, take time to remove and clean them. Follow your eye doctor's instructions for cleaning and caring for your contacts • Some chemicals can react with contacts and cause permanent injury • It is wise to keep an extra pair of contacts or a pair of glasses handy in case you should lose or damage one of your contacts while you are working

16. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Why Head Protection is Important • Your head is a very delicate part of your body. In and around your head are: - Your eyes, with which you see; - Your ears, with which you hear; - Your nose, with which you smell; - Your mouth, with which you eat and speak; and - Your brain, with which you think. • Injuries to the head are very serious. For this reason, head protection and safety are very important.

17. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Potential Hazards • Impact to the Head Falling or flying objects are a common cause of head injuries. Also, falling or walking into hard objects can cause head injuries. These injuries include neck sprains, concussions, and skull fractures. • Electrical Shocks Accidents involving electricity result in electrical shocks and burns. • Splashes, Spills, and Drips Toxic liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can irritate and burn the eyes and skin.

18. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Hard Hats Hard hats protect you by providing the following features: • A rigid shell that resists and deflects blows to the head; • A suspension system inside the hat that acts as a shock absorber; • Some hats serve as an insulator against electrical shocks; • Shields your scalp, face, neck, and shoulders against splashes, spills, and drips; and • Some hard hats can be modified so you can add face shields, goggles, hoods, or hearing protection to them

19. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Hard Hats There are four types of hard hats: • Class A • Class B • Class C • Bump Caps

20. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Hard Hats Class A hard hats are designed to: • Protect you from falling objects; and • Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts.

21. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Hard Hats Class B hard hats are designed to: • Protect you from falling objects; and • Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts.

22. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Hard Hats Class B hard hats are designed to: • Protect you from falling objects; but • DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; and • DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances.

23. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Hard Hats Bump caps are made from lightweight plastic and are designed to protect you from bumping your head on protruding objects. Bump caps DO NOT: • Use a suspension system; • Protect you from falling objects; or • Protect you from electrical shocks. WARNING: You should never substitute a bump cap for a hard hat.

24. Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Hard Hats • Always wear your hard hat while you are working in areas where there are potential head  hazards. Adjust the suspension inside your hard hat so that the hat sits comfortably, but securely on your head. • Inspect the shell of your hard hat for cracks, gouges, and dents. Inspect the suspension   system for frayed or broken straps. If your hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired immediately or ask your employer for a new one. • Never paint, scratch or drill "air holes" in your hard hat. You may apply reflective plastic tape if you must work at night. Never use metal tape on your helmet because it can conduct electricity.

25. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection It has been estimated that almost 20% of all disabling accidents on the job involve the hands. Without your fingers or hands, your ability to work would be greatly reduced.

26. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Potential Hazards • Traumatic Injuries - Tools and machines with a sharp edges can cut your hands. - Staples, screwdrivers, nails, chisels, and stiff wire can puncture your hands. - Getting your hands caught in machinery can sprain, crush, or remove your hands and fingers

27. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Potential Hazards • Contact Injuries Coming into contact with caustic or toxic chemicals, biological substances, electrical sources, or extremely cold or hot objects can irritate or burn your hands

28. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Gloves There are many type of gloves that are designed to protect your hands: Metal mesh gloves resist sharp edges and prevent cuts Leather gloves protect you from rough surfaces Vinyl gloves protect your hands against toxic chemicals

29. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Gloves Padded cloth gloves protect your hands from sharp edges, slivers, dirt, and vibration Heat resistant gloves protect your hands from heat and flames

30. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Gloves Rubber gloves protect you from electrical shocks Latex disposable gloves are used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria

31. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Wearing and Using Gloves • Select and use the right kind of glove for the job you are going to be performing. • Select gloves that fit. • Some gloves may be chemical specified and have a life expectancy. Discard them after the recommended time has expired. • Remove any rings, watches, or bracelets that   might cut or tear your gloves. • Wash your hands before and after wearing your gloves. • Inspect your gloves before you use them. Look for holes and cracks that might leak.

32. Personal Protective Equipment Hand Protection Wearing and Using Gloves • Replace gloves that are worn or torn • After working with chemicals, hold your gloved hands under running water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing the gloves. • Wash cotton gloves as needed. • Avoid borrowing gloves. Gloves are personal protective equipment. • Store gloves right side out in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area. • Never wear gloves around powered rotating equipment - drills, lathes, etc.

33. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Without your feet and toes, your ability to work at your job would be greatly reduced.

34. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Potential Hazards • Impact InjuriesIf you have ever stubbed your toe, you know that impact injuries can hurt. At work, heavy objects can fall on your feet. If you work around sharp objects, you can step on something sharp and puncture your foot.

35. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Potential Hazards • Injuries from Spills and Splashes Liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can spill into your shoes and boots. These hazardous materials can cause chemical and heat burns.

36. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Potential Hazards • Compression InjuriesHeavy machinery, equipment, and other objects can roll over your feet. The result of these types of accidents is often broken or crushed bones.

37. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Potential Hazards • Electrical ShocksAccidents involving electricity can cause severe shocks and burns.

38. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Potential Hazards • Extremes in Cold, Heat, and MoistureIf not protected, your feet can suffer from frostbite if you must work in an extremely cold environment. Extreme heat, on the other hand, can blister and burn your feet. Finally, extreme moisture in your shoes or boots can lead to fungal infections.

39. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection Potential Hazards • SlippingOil, water, soaps, wax, and other chemicals can cause you to slip and fall.

40. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection There are many types of footwear that are designed to protect your feet: Steel toe footwear protects your toes from falling objects and from being crushed Metatarsal footwear have special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect your entire foot.

41. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection There are many types of footwear that are designed to protect your feet: Reinforced sole footwear have metal reinforcement that protects your foot from punctures Latex/Rubber footwear resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces

42. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection There are many types of footwear that are designed to protect your feet: PVC footwear protects your feet against moisture and improves traction Electrical hazard footwear are insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity

43. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection • Select and use the right kind of footwear for the job you are going to be performing. Footwear should meet or exceed the standards set by ANSI (ANSI Z41-1991). • Avoid footwear made of leather or cloth if you work around acids or caustics. These chemicals quickly eat through the leather or cloth, and can injure your feet. • Select footwear that fits. • Inspect your footwear before you use them. Look for holes and cracks that might leak.

44. Personal Protective Equipment Foot Protection • Replace footwear that are worn or torn. • After working with chemicals, hose your footwear with water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing your footwear. • Avoid borrowing footwear. Footwear is personal protective equipment. • Store footwear in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area.

45. Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Types of Hearing Loss Damage to the delicate structures of your ears can result in the loss of your ability to hear. There are two types of hearing loss: • Conductive • Sensory

46. Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Types of Hearing Loss Conductive Hearing Loss Conductive Hearing Loss is caused by damage to or a malfunction of the outer and middle ear. It results in a decrease in your hearing, but you can still understand speech.

47. Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Types of Hearing Loss Sensory Hearing Loss Sensory Hearing Loss is caused by damage to or a malfunction of the inner ear, auditory nerve, or the brain. It makes it more difficult to understand speech, but it does not result in a decrease in loudness.

48. Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Types of Hearing Loss Sensory Hearing Loss • Excessive noise is a cause of sensory hearing loss • Hearing loss in the workplace would most likely be a sensory hearing loss • Sensory hearing loss CANNOT be corrected medically or surgically. It is permanent

49. Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection There are three main types of workplace hearing protection: • Foam Earplugs • PVC Earplugs • Earmuffs

50. Personal Protective Equipment Hearing Protection Each type of hearing protection devices has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of Foam and PVC earplugs are: 1. Small & lightweight; 2. Comfortable in hot environments; and 3. Easily used with other safety equipment. The disadvantages of earplugs are: 1. May work loose and require occasional refitting; 2. Require specific fitting instructions; and 3. Are frequently soiled.