Prevalence of Poor Glycemic Control and Depression Among Diabetic Adolescent Youth Presented By:

1. Prevalence of Poor Glycemic Control and Depression Among Diabetic Adolescent Youth Presented By: Atwater K and Wilson S Prairie View A & M University Methods Results Abstract Background: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. In the United States alone roughly 25.8 million adults and children are diagnosed with DM. Objective: Conduct meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of depression among adolescent children diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Method: The Meta-analysis conducted using peer reviewed journals. Descriptive statistics were then computed and used to analyze the percentage of the sample size population who reported having depression along with poor glycemic control (HbA1c). The age group analyzed were to be between the 10-25 yrs old with a diabetes duration of 2-10 years. This was to calculate what population was most at risk of poor glycemic control and in effect, at highest risk of experiencing depression. Duration was analyzed to show the poor glycemic control was for a period of time, not just post-diagnosis. Results: 22% of the adolescent population who reported experiencing depression had poor glycemic control. Of the 1026 adolescents in the analysis, those at 15 years of age who had poor glycemic control, were at highest risk of depression Conclusion: Depression has a direct influence on poor glycemic control on youth with a prolonged duration of diabetes. Graph 1: % Depressed Diabetic vs. % Non-Depressed Diabetic Adolescents Conclusion/ Discussion • Poor glycemic control among adolescents is associated with depression • Children with diabetes whom have had diabetes for an extended period of time, have an average A1c value of 9.2% indicating many adolescents have poor glycemic control (>=8% is categorized as “poor” control) • Nearly ¼ of the participants within the meta-analysis whom displayed poor glycemic control were also depressed • Note: the (*) above indicates the value is an average calculated by using each study • Poor glycemic control has a direct effect on depression in adolescents with a prolonged duration of diabetes. • Sex does not play a factor in depression development. • Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and is interconnected to complications associated with high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke, neuropathy, blindness, amputations, and mortality (ADA, 2013) • Individuals diagnosed with diabetes will most likely have a shorter life expectancy (CDC, 2011) • The risk of death is double in comparison to non-diabetic individual of a similar age (CDC, 2011) • Diabetic patients with co-morbid depression have a higher rates of mortality (Black, 2003; Katon, 2005; Katon, 2008; Lin EH, 2009; Heckbert, 2010) Background • The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among children and adults living in the United States is roughly 25.8 million (ADA, 2011) • 1 in 500 children are diagnosed with DM (Chase, 2006) • Children diagnosed with DM and self-reported feeling of depression were less likely to have good glycemic control (Lernmark et al. 1999) • It is imperative to further examine the extent to which children diagnosed with diabetes are currently experiencing depression, hence, impeding diabetes self-management References Graph 2: Distribution for Non-Depressed vs. Depressed Adolescents (n=1026) • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 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Psychosom Med. 2001;63(4):619–30. • The male and female populations with poor glycemic control were at equal risk of becoming depressed. • There was no significant difference in distribution between either group. • Sex does not have a significant effect on whether or not an adolecent with poor glycemic control will develop depression.