Chapter 1 Sec 1 Notes: Early Humans

1. Chapter 1 Sec 1 Notes: Early Humans Early Humans History is the story of humans in the past, and historians are the people who study and write about humans of the past. Archaeologists hunt for evidence buried in the ground. Anthropologists study how humans developed and related to each other. Stone Age-early period of human history. Earliest period of the Stone Age is called the Paleolithic period. Paleolithic people were nomads-traveled from place to place to hunt or search for food. Women gathered fruits and nuts; and men hunted using primitive weapons(e.g. bow and arrows, clubs, spears, etc.)

2. F. Paleolithic people adapted to their environment. In warmer climates, they wore little clothing and little need for shelter. In colder climates, they dwelt in caves. Over time they used animal hides and wooden poles for shelter. G. During the Paleolithic period, people discovered fire-kept them warm, lit the darkness, and cooked food. Long periods of extreme cold are called the Ice Ages. During this time, thick sheets of ice covered parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. Also during this period, people developed spoken language and expressed themselves through art, which may have had religious meaning. J. Also during the Paleolithic period, humans created tools such as spears and hand axes using stone called flint. The creation of tools and methods to help humans perform a task is known as technology.

3. II. Neolithic Period • A. Over time, people began to domesticate, or tame, animals. Domesticated animals carried goods and provided meat, milk, and wool. • B. People in different parts of the world began growing crops about the same time. Historians call this change the farming revolution. • C. Because farmers needed to stay close to their fields, they built permanent homes in villages- this helped change the period of time from Paleolithic to Neolithic. • D. One of the two oldest villages is Jericho(located in Israel) which dates back to 8000 B.C. The other is Catal Huyuk (present day Turkey) which dates back to 6700 B.C.

4. Continue: Neolithic Period • E. Permanent villages provided security and steady food. Surplus food led to larger populations and eventually to the creation of civilizations. • F. Not everyone in the villages were farmers. Some made pottery, mats, and cloth. They traded for things they did not have. People began to practice specialization, or the development of different kinds of jobs. • G. People continued to create new technology. They created tools and began working with metal, copper, and tin. They also began working with bronze.