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33-4 The Cold War Divides the World

33-4 The Cold War Divides the World. The superpowers support opposing sides in Latin American and Middle Eastern conflicts. Fighting for the Third World. More Than One “World” Third World —developing nations; often newly independent, nonaligned Cold War Strategies

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33-4 The Cold War Divides the World

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  1. 33-4 The Cold War Divides the World The superpowers support opposing sides in Latin American and Middle Eastern conflicts

  2. Fighting for the Third World • More Than One “World” • Third World—developing nations; often newly independent, nonaligned • Cold War Strategies • U.S., Soviet Union, and China compete for influence over the Third World • They back revolutions and give economic , military and technical aid

  3. Fighting for the Third World • Association of Nonaligned Nations • Many countries, like India, want to avoid involvement in the Cold War • In 1955, Indonesia hosts Asian and African leaders who want neutrality • Nonaligned nations—independent countries not involved in the Cold War

  4. Confrontations in Latin America • Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution • Fidel Castro—leads revolt in Cuba against dictator supported by the U.S. • By 1959, Castro in power, nationalizes economy, takes U.S. property • In 1961, Castro defeats U.S. trained Cuban exiles at the Bay of Pigs

  5. Fidel Castro

  6. Confrontations in Latin America • Nuclear Face-off: the Cuban Missile Crisis • In 1962, U.S. demands removal of Soviet missiles in Cuba • Soviets withdraw missiles; U.S. promises not to invade Cuba • Cuban economy is left dependent on Soviet support

  7. Confrontations in Latin America • Civil War in Nicaragua • Anastasio Somoza Debayle—Nicaraguan dictator supported by the U.S. • Daniel Ortega—leads Sandinista rebels who take power in Nicaragua • U.S. and Soviet Union both initially support Sandinistas • Sandinistas aid Communist rebels in El Salvador • U.S. helps anti-Communist Contras in Nicaragua to assist El Salvador • In 1990, Nicaragua holds first free elections, Sandinistas lose

  8. Anastasio Somoza Debayle (U.S. supported president of Nicaragua from 1967-1980) Daniel Ortega on Time magazine, March 31, 1986

  9. Confrontations in the Middle East • Religious and Secular Values Clash in Iran • Shah Reza Pahlavi embraces Western governments and oil companies • Iranian nationalists overthrow shah, seize British oil company • U.S. restores shah to power, fearing Soviet encroachment Shah Reza Pahlavi

  10. Confrontations in the Middle East • The United States Supports Secular Rule • Shah Reza Pahlavi westernizes Iran with U.S. support • Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini—Iranian Muslim leader; lives in exile • In 1978, Khomeini sparks riots in Iran, Shah flees

  11. Blindfolded American hostages in Iran in 1979.

  12. Confrontations in the Middle East • Khomeini’s Anti-U.S. Policies • Islamic revolutionaries hold American hostages in Tehran (1979-1981) for 444 days • Muslim radicals take control in Iran, increasing tensions with Iraq • Saddam Hussein, fearing the spread of the Iranian Revolution into Iraq, attacks Iran. • Iran and Iraq fight an 8-year war; U.S. aids both sides, Soviets help Iraq

  13. The Iran-Iraq War:Taking Sides

  14. Confrontations in the Middle East • The Superpowers Face Off in Afghanistan • Soviets invade Afghanistan to help Communist government against rebels • Muslim rebels fight guerilla war against Soviets with U.S. weapons • U.S. stops grain shipments to Soviet Union • Soviets eventually withdraw in 1989

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