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World War 1

World War 1. Canada – The War at Home. Government Policy. War Measures Act: August, 1914 – This law granted government sweeping powers to suspend the legal and political rights of Canadian citizens.

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World War 1

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  1. World War 1 Canada – The War at Home

  2. Government Policy • War Measures Act: August, 1914 – This law granted government sweeping powers to suspend the legal and political rights of Canadian citizens. • Created to deal with ‘enemy aliens’ (the 500,000 Canadian residents who emigrated from parts of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) • ‘enemy aliens’ had to register & regularly report to local police • government banned books and magazines in ‘enemy’ languages • 8597 ‘enemy aliens’ sent to work in remote labour camps (6000 Ukrainians)

  3. Government Policy • Military Service Act (Bill): July, 1917 – Following disastrous losses in battle (eg. Vimy Ridge), the Canadian government needed to increase the number of soldiers in Europe. • Prime Minister Borden needed Conscription (forced military service) • re-opened the tensions between French-Canadians and English Canada • All males between the ages of 20-35. Those exempt: men in vital wartime production jobs, physically unable, and conscientious objectors (against religious beliefs).

  4. Propaganda any strategy used to persuade people to believe or support a certain idea.

  5. War Economy • Rationing: Citizens faced food rations, waste reduction, and a ban on alcohol. • Victory Bonds: Citizens were encouraged to lend the government money by purchasing bonds. These bonds could be cashed in for profit after the war. $100 million were bonds sold.

  6. War Economy • Income Tax: introduced as a temporary war measure. We still pay income tax today. • 3% tax for wealthy individuals and families. 4% tax imposed on business profits. • Economic Boom: Canadian industry and agriculture experienced record high production and export. The demand for food and military equipment resulted in increased employment and business profits during the war. Jobs = Profits = Taxes = Victory!

  7. Women’s Role and Rights •  Traditionally male dominated jobs were filled by women. • This situation gave the women’s suffrage movement a significant political voice. • Military Voters Act (1917): Federal vote granted to women serving as nurses and ambulance drivers in the war. • Wartime Elections Act (1917): Federal vote extended to wives, mothers, sisters, widows, and daughters of soldiers serving in the war. • Federal Women’s Franchise Act (1918): Federal vote extended to all women over 21 who are British subjects.

  8. Halifax Explosion, 1917 • French ship carrying 3,000 tonnes of explosives collided with another ship in harbour. • Most of Halifax was destroyed. 2,000 people were killed & thousands more injured. • 30 million dollars was donated worldwide to help rebuild the city.

  9. Halifax Explosion aftermath

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