The World in 600 CE

1. The World in 600 CE • Postclassical Period: Fall of Han, Rome, and Indian classical empires • Europe in Dark Ages • Lack of political boundaries • Religion more important than political boundaries (e.g. Christianity in Europe, Hinduism in India, Buddhism in Central and East Asia)

2. 600-1450Important Developments • Rise and spread of Islam • Long distance trade continues and becomes more complex • Impact of nomadic groups: Bedouins (Arabs) and Mongols on civilizations • China becomes large and prosperous empire • Europe grows into major civilization connected to Asia and Middle East

3. 600-1450Important Developments • Rise of civilizations in Africa • Demographic Changes: --nomadic migrations --Black Death --increased urbanization Summary: Religion and commerce are the main forces of change in this period

4. Rise of Islam • Five Pillars of Islam • Causes of Sunni-Shi’a Split • Reasons for spread of Islam • Changes in status of women • Arts, Sciences and Technologies * Islam Powerpoint

5. Sui, Tang, Song China • Re-establishment of empire • Growth of examination system and scholar-officials • Rise and decline of Buddhism • Decline in status of women • Neo-Confucianism • Chinese modernism (technology, urbanism, manufacturing, etc.) * China Powerpoint

6. Byzantine Empire • Eastern Orthodox split from Roman Catholicism • Concept of “Caesarpapism” • Byzantine culture transmitted to Russia and Eastern Europe * Byzantine Powerpoint

7. Developments in Europe • Similarities and Differences between European and Japanese Feudalism • Impact of the Crusades • Demographic Changes of Middle Ages * Middle Ages Powerpoint

8. Crusades • Europeans brought into major world trade systems • Europeans encounter much more sophisticated cultures of Middle East • Brought back silk, spices, and gold • Increased demand for additional goods

9. African Societies Ghana, Mali, Swahili City-States • Gold/Salt Trade • Influence of Islam • Indian Ocean Trade • Africa increasingly part of world trade system

10. Increasing Complexity of Trade Routes Africa, Europe, and Asia tied together for the first time • Trans-Saharan Trade • Indian Ocean Trade • Silk Road • Mediterranean

11. Trans-Saharan Trade

12. Silk Routes (Silk Roads)

13. Indian Ocean

14. Venice and Genoa, Italy became important ports during Crusades Mediterranean Trade

15. The Mongols • Reasons for Genghis Khan’s success • Style of Mongol Rule • Impact of Mongol rule on China, Russia, Middle East (Islamic heartland) • Pax Mongolica and diffusion of goods, ideas, and plague

16. Pax Mongolica1220-1420

17. Mongol Impacts • Diffusion of knowledge, trade, and plague through caravan routes from Asia to Europe • Mongols in Middle East convert to Islam in 1300 • Tax farming used to collect money in Middle East and China—private groups collected taxes on behalf of government; drove many landowners into debt and servitude (serfdom) • Impact of Mongols most detrimental on Islamic empires, Russia, and China • Signaled end of nomadic conquests of civilizations

18. Yuan and Ming China • Yuan Dynasty in China (Mongol Dynasty) • Beginning of Ming Dynasty • Zheng He’s treasure voyages

19. Zheng He’s Treasure Ships

20. Migrations of Peoples • Arabs—spread of Islam • Vikings—led to feudalism in Europe • Turks • Mongols • Bantu-speaking peoples in Africa

21. Impacts of Black Death (Bubonic plague) • Areas impacted include Europe, China, and Middle East (Islamic) countries • Population declines • Labor shortages – changes feudal system

22. World in 1450 • China reestablished but increasingly inward looking • End of unified Islamic Empire – but still a world religion • Growth of Europe into separate kingdoms • Increasing desire for trade goods, particularly in Europe • Ottoman Turks take over Byzantine Empire • Islamic civilizations in India (Mughal Empire) • End of nomadic ability to dominate civilizations • Decreasing status of elite women in civilized societies (China, Islamic countries, Europe)