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Unit 2 Religions 600 BCE-600 CE

Unit 2 Religions 600 BCE-600 CE. Paul Kim, Parker Revers, Andrew Cole. Judaism. Most Influential of the smaller Middle Eastern groups: The JEWS First clearly developed monotheistic religion influenced by the Babylonian civilization Firm belief in the one God Hebrew Bible

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Unit 2 Religions 600 BCE-600 CE

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  1. Unit 2 Religions 600 BCE-600 CE Paul Kim, Parker Revers, Andrew Cole

  2. Judaism • Most Influential of the smaller Middle Eastern groups: The JEWS • First clearly developed monotheistic religion • influenced by the Babylonian civilization • Firm belief in the one God • Hebrew Bible • Did not want to convert non-Jews • This religion was extremely influential as it did create the religions of Islam and Christianity • However not many people believed in Judaism due to the fact that Non-Jews were not converted, so about 1% of the population believed in Judaism • The technical founder: Abraham • Gender Roles: the roles of men and women are different but equal

  3. Hinduism • Origin: Aryan invaders into India around 1700 BCE • No founder • Tolerant of other religions • EXTREMELY adaptable to growing and changing population • Little formal beliefs • Offers meditation and ritual • Possibly oldest religion • CASTE SYSTEM - still partially seen today • “Brahma” (Creator God) • “Harma” (Release of the soul achieved by following the rules) • “Dharma” (Follow the rules. Ex: Social Dharma)

  4. Buddhism • Origin: Developed as a protest to Hindu priest practices; Gautama Buddha • 550 BCE • Monastic tradition (monks) • Went beyond India (China, Southeast Asia) • Wiped out in India due to effort of Hindus and Muslims by 1000 CE • Splits into Mahayana and Theraveda • Mahayana (Northern Buddhism. It is mainly followed by monks and nuns, and is largely found throughout China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia, Tibet, and Vietnam) • Theraveda (Theravāda is the oldest surviving branch of Buddhism. It is relatively conservative.) • Zen Buddhism (700s in China, 1200s in Japan; sudden enlightenment through meditation)

  5. Legalism • System of political thought • believed in an authoritarian state ruled by force • Intellectual and literacy is discouraged • Law is supreme and replaces morality • A ruler must rule with an Iron Hand • Human Nature: Evil, unrestrained, and undisciplined • No true creator, but Han Fei was a key contributor to the legal system • It was influential only to the ruling elite and philosophers of Legalism who believed in rule by force • Not many people believed in Legalism as they did in Confucianism or Daoism so it would be around less than 1 percent

  6. Confucianism • Origin: 550 BCE; Founded by Kong Qiu ( Confucius) • Philosophy to address problems of political and social disorder in China • Sought to promote social harmony by clarifying social relationships and proper rituals for all Chinese - (included rulers). • Spread by Key Disciples • Stressed “Patriarchy” (Men rule) • “Filial Piety” (Care for your elders) • Also stressed “Jen” (A quality of sympathy that relates all humanity to each other) • Only educated should govern

  7. Daoism • Founder of Daoism: Lao-Tzu • Influential to upper classes which had an interest in a more elaborate spirituality • embraced traditional Chinese beliefs in nature’s harmony and nature’s mystery • spiritual alternative to Confucianism - thus the people who believed in this religion were similar to those who believed in Confucianism • Lao’s teaching also stressed that true human understanding came from nature

  8. Christianity • Founded by Jesus Christ, claimed to be son of God • Holy book: The Bible, two sections, the Old and New Testament • No exact number of followers, however they represented about 12% of the population, while Judaism represented 1% • Not influential as a religion in this time period. • Patriarchal society, women subordinate, the religion didn’t sway traditional roles. • Monotheistic • 7 Sacraments, steps to live a full life • Jesus and the 12 Disciples were the influential figures • Disciples recorded the way Jesus wanted life to be lived, much like Islam

  9. Zoroastrianism • Believed that no evil originates from the supreme god, Ahura Mazda, only good, and the evil tries to destroy, while the good destroys. • Founder: Zoroaster • Influential Figure: Ahura Mazda • Monotheistic • Formed in modern day Iran • Influenced many other religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam • About 145,000 followers • The Holy Book is the Avesta • Gender Roles: Both genders equal, don’t discriminate by sex at all • Overall, not very influential

  10. Greek Rationalism • Theory that puts reason as the source of knowledge • Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle contributed to it, influential figures • No main founder • No main holy text • Made people question existence of divine figures • Unknown how many followers • Gender Roles: Patriarchal, very oppressive of women and children, both free and enslaved • Overall, made people begin to question previous religions, starting to lose faith in their holy figures

  11. BONUS!!! Jaguar Milk Cocktail *Note that this drink is alcoholic and can be found in multiple post-Soviet countries, as well as in Brazil!

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