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Chapter 28

Chapter 28. Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901-1912. Progressivism. Roots in with Greenbacks and Populists Wanted social, economic and political reform Sick of the corruption and divide between rich and poor Jacob A. Riis 1890: How the Other Half Lives Middle class women.

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Chapter 28

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  1. Chapter 28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901-1912

  2. Progressivism • Roots in with Greenbacks and Populists • Wanted social, economic and political reform • Sick of the corruption and divide between rich and poor • Jacob A. Riis 1890: How the Other Half Lives • Middle class women

  3. The Muckrakers • 1902 popular magazines in circulation wars= exposes • TR: “muckrakers” because they just focus on the worst in society’ • Lincoln Steffens 1902: “The Shame of the Cities” • Ida Tarbell 1902: “Mother of Trusts” • David G. Phillips 1906: “The Treason of the Senate” • John Spargo 1906: “The Bitter Cry of Children”

  4. Political Progressivism • Progressives= improve living/working conditions not party or regional allegiances • 1. direct primary elections • 2. initiatives • 3. referendums • 4. recall • 5. campaign finance reform • 6. Australian ballot • 7. Direct election of US Senators

  5. Progressives and Women • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in 1911 NYC • Public outrage= state legislature forced to do something • Change over time from laissez faire to some responsibility to employers • Militant temperance= Women’s Christian Temperance Union (Frances E. Willard) • Wanted “dry laws” 18th amendment

  6. Square Deal • TR’s Square Deal= domestic policy (3 C’s) • 1902 anthracite coal strike in Pennsylvania (United Mine Workers Association) • Owners refused negotiation until TR stepped in to force a compromise • 1903 Department of Commerce and Labor

  7. Trust Busting • Need for stronger laws with real teeth • Elkins Act 1903 and Hepburn Act 1906 • TR focused on the “bad trusts” to sue under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act • 1st= Northern Securities Company (JP Morgan, James J. Hill) • Case appealed to SC and upheld had to dissolve • 44 other suits for TR= Trust Buster • Real trust buster= William Howard Taft with 90 during 1 term

  8. Meat Packing • Upton Sinclair- The Jungle 1906 • TR= investigators to substantiate Sinclair’s claims almost all true! • Meat Inspection Act of 1906 • The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

  9. Conservation • Conservation began late 19th century • Desert Land Act 1877 • Carey Act 1894 • Newlands Reclamation Act 1902 • TR and Gifford Pinchot • Boy Scouts of America and Sierra Club • Hetch-Hetchy Valley- John Muir • Multiple use resource management

  10. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy • Dollar Diplomacy- focus on Latin America and Eastern Asia • Extension of the Roosevelt Corollary • Panama Canal 1909, Nicaragua 1912, Haiti, Honduras • Manchuria- Japan and Russian railroads threat to Open Door? • Secretary of State Philander C. Knox 1909

  11. Trust Busting • 90 anti-trust suits during 1 term • Standard Oil Company of NY vs. United States • “Rule of reason” • 1911 went after US Steel unsuccessfully schism between Taft and TR

  12. Split of Republican Party • Taft campaign promise= lower tariff • Conservatives in Senate added amendments to tariff reduction • Taft signed Payne-Aldrich Bill (angered progressives) • Ballinger Pinchot controversy 1910= growing rift between progressives and Old Guard conservatives • TR’s New Nationalism

  13. Taft vs. Roosevelt • The National Progressive Republican League with Senator La Follette 1911 • TR decided to try for Republican nomination for 1912 • Angry at Taft for dropping “his policies” • Came into primaries too late • 1912 Convention in Chicago= Taft the Republican nominee

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