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BEHIND THE LINES

BEHIND THE LINES. Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress. 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act (enabled head of family to acquire 160acre farm for $10 to encourage settling the land) 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

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BEHIND THE LINES

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  1. BEHIND THE LINES

  2. Extensive Legislation PassedWithout the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act (enabled head of family to acquire 160acre farm for $10 to encourage settling the land) 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

  3. Both Governments Abused Civil Rights • Both presidents had increasing powers • Davis: • Declared martial law • Suspended the right of habeas corpus • Lincoln: • Violated the constitutional guarantees of free speech, press, and assembly. • Prevented a state legislature from meeting; • Ordered hundreds of suspected Confederate sympathizers to be jailed without habeas corpus.

  4. Raising the Armies: The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

  5. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service – A Rich Man’s War, and a Poor Man’s Fight • In the North, ages 18 to 35; in the South, up to age 50! • Bounties were paid to those who enlisted – leading to “bounty jumping” – enlisting, collect bounty, desert, and reenlist somewhere else If you could afford it, you could buy your way out of service.

  6. Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

  7. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

  8. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863) • Poor Irish and German immigrants believed that they were given the burden of fighting the war. • More than 100 African-Americans were lynched by mobs – ironic since they were eager to enlist.

  9. Recruiting Blacks • In the North: • Nearly 200000 enlisted; • Were commanded by white officers; • Were paid less; • Were segregated from white troops • In the South: • Not accepted for military service until near the end; • Used to drive wagons, perform labour, and dig fortifications

  10. African-American Recruiting Poster

  11. The Famous 54th Massachusetts

  12. August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

  13. African-Americansin Civil War Battles

  14. Black Troops Freeing Slaves

  15. A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

  16. The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham

  17. 1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster • Opposed the Civil War • Wanted peace/reconciliation with the Confederates; • Blamed the abolitionists for the war; • Resisted draft laws; • Encouraged desertion from the Union army; • Very popular in the midwest.

  18. Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864

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