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Skin

Skin. the largest organ of the body 1 mm to 2 mm thick almost 2 square meters 6% of a person’s body weight. Functions of the Skin. protection disease-causing organisms dangerous chemicals blood loss fluid loss. Functions of the Skin. temperature regulation. perspiration.

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Skin

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  1. Skin • the largest organ of the body • 1 mm to 2 mm thick • almost 2 square meters • 6% of a person’s body weight

  2. Functions of the Skin • protection • disease-causing organisms • dangerous chemicals • blood loss • fluid loss

  3. Functions of the Skin • temperature regulation

  4. perspiration blood vessels sweat glands

  5. Functions of the Skin • temperature regulation • sensation • manufacture of small amounts of vitamin D • absorption of some chemicals

  6. Layers of the Skin • epidermis • outer layer of skin • dermis • inner layer of skin • epidermis • epidermis upon skin

  7. epidermis

  8. callus an area of the skin with a thickened epidermis

  9. Blister • The layers of the skin separate and fluids collect in the space between the separated layers. • caused by friction and heat

  10. papillae ridges of the dermis that push up into the epidermis

  11. dactylography the study of fingerprints

  12. oil gland dermis nerve receptor blood vessels sweat gland hair follicle

  13. subcutaneous layer subcutaneous subcutaneous under skin

  14. melanin a dark brown or black pigment that causes much of the color of human skin

  15. melanocytes special cells in the skin that produce melanin

  16. carotene a yellowish pigment

  17. Tanning is the body’s attempt to protect itself from the harmful UV raysof the sun.

  18. By tanning, people are actually increasing their risk of skin cancer and causing their skin to age prematurely.

  19. sunburn a first-degree burn caused by UV radiation

  20. Types of Burns • first-degree burns • the epidermis only • second-degree burns • the epidermis and some of the dermis

  21. Types of Burns • third-degree burns • the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

  22. Skeleton Types • exoskeleton • endoskeleton

  23. Bones • skull • mandible • clavicle (collarbone) • scapula (shoulder blade) • humerus

  24. Bones • ulna (little finger side) • radius (thumb sideof lower arm) • carpals (wrist bones) • metacarpals (bonesof the hand)

  25. Bones • phalanges (bones of the fingers) • sternum (breastbone) • ribs (24—7 pairs of true ribs, 3 pairs of false ribs, 2 pairs of floating ribs)

  26. Bones • vertebrae (backbones) • pelvis • femur (largest bone in the body) • patella (kneecap) • tibia (shinbone)

  27. Bones • fibula (narrower boneof the lower leg) • tarsals (ankle bones) • metatarsals (bones of the feet) • phalanges (bones of the toes)

  28. Skeleton Functions • framework for support and movement • protection • storage of minerals • production of blood cells

  29. spongy bone marrow cavity hard bone bone marrow

  30. periosteum periosteum periosteum around bone

  31. periosteum the tough, white tissue covering the surface of bones

  32. ligament a band of connective tissue that attaches a boneto another bone tendon a band of connective tissue that attaches a muscleto a bone

  33. sprain a stretch injury to the ligaments of a joint

  34. Bones are made upof living cells that secrete nonliving materials.

  35. osteon a microscopic unit of bone consisting of a blood vessel and layers of hard nonliving material around it

  36. bone cells blood vessel layers of nonliving bone material

  37. cartilage soft, flexible tissue that makes up a portion of the skeleton

  38. Bone vs. Cartilage • Cartilage has fewer calcium and phosphorus deposits. • Cartilage lacks blood vessels.

  39. Cartilage Locations • the outer ear • the tip of the nose • between the ribs and the sternum • between the vertebrae

  40. Location Function outer ear and tip of nose provides flexibility between ribs and sternum acts as shock absorber between vertebrae provides cushioning

  41. Joint • a place where two or more bones come together • held together by ligaments

  42. Hinge Joint • bends in only one direction

  43. Gliding Joint • allows limited movement sideways and up and down

  44. Ball-and-Socket Joint • allows free movement in all directions

  45. Pivot Joint • allows for rotation

  46. Fused Joint • does not allow any movement because the bones have fused together

  47. Diseases andDisorders of Joints • sprains • arthritis • rheumatism arthritis arthritis joint inflammation

  48. Functions of Muscles • movement

  49. How Muscles Move • pull, never push • work in pairs

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