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Skin

Skin. Functions / Disorders and Burns. The NAIL. Nails- produced by epidermal cells over terminal ends of fingers and toes Nail Body- visible part Root- lies in a groove and hidden by a cuticle Lunula- Crescent-shaped area nearest the root

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Skin

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  1. Skin Functions / Disorders and Burns

  2. The NAIL • Nails- produced by epidermal cells over terminal ends of fingers and toes • Nail Body- visible part • Root- lies in a groove and hidden by a cuticle • Lunula- Crescent-shaped area nearest the root • Nail color may change color with change in blood flow.

  3. Label the following structures: Bone, Nail root, Free Edge, Cuticle, Nail Body, Lunula

  4. Functions Of the Skin • Protection • Against microbes • Against ultraviolet sun rays • Against harmful chemicals • Against cuts and tears • Temperature Regulation • **** ON A HOT DAY SKIN CAN REALEASE UP TO 3000 CALORIES OF BODY HEAT A DAY. • Regulation of sweat secretion • Regulation of blood flow close to the body surface (losing heat by radiation) We have much more blood flow to the skin than needed, which helps regulate temperature

  5. Skin Functions • Sense organ • Receptors keep us informed of • Light touch • Pressure • Hot • Cold • Pain

  6. Disorders of the Skin • Skin Lesions • Elevated lesions- cast a shadow outside their edges • Papule- small firm raised lesion (warts) • Plaque-large raised lesion Psoriasis • Vesicle- blister filled with fluid (second degree burn) • Pustule-pus filled lesion (Acne) • Crust-scab (abrasion or scrape) • Wheal- raised firm lesion with a light center (hives)

  7. Lesions Continued • Flat lesions • Macule- Flat, discolored area (freckle) • Depressed Lesions • Excoriation- missing epidermis (a scratch) • Ulcer- Craterlike lesion (bed sore) • Fissure- deep crack or break ( athletes foot)

  8. Burns • **** Treatment and recovery depend on the total area involved and severity or depth of the burn • Estimating body surface • Use the rule of nines in adults • Body divided into 11 areas of 9% each • Additional 1 % of body surface area around the genitals

  9. “Rule Of Nines”

  10. Classification of burns • 1st degree- partial thickness, only surface layers of epidermis • 2nd degree- partial thickness, involve the deep epidermal layers into the upper layers of the dermis • 3rd degree- complete destruction of epidermis and dermis • May involve muscle and bone • Insensitive to pain at first because nerve endings are destroyed. Intense pain soon follows

  11. Skin Infections • Impetigo- Staphylococci infection, highly contagious, usually occurs in young children • Reddish lesion (erythema) develops a yellowish crust • Can become systemic • Tinea- fungal infection • Ring worm • Jock itch • Athletes foot • Antifungal treatments usually help.

  12. Skin Infections • Warts- benign neoplasm caused by papillomavirus, some can become malignant • Usually from direct contact • Can be removed by chemicals, freezing, laser • Boils or furuncles- staph infection of the hair follicle. • A group of untreated boils may turn into carbuncles

  13. Vascular or inflammatory skin disorders • Decubitus ulcer- develops when pressure slows down blood flow to local areas of the skin • Uticaria or hives- red lesions called wheals caused by fluid loss from blood vessels • Associated with severe itching • Associated with allergic reactions • Scleroderma- disorders of vessels and connective tissue. Characterized by hardening • Localized • systemic

  14. Vascular or inflammatory skin disorders • Psoriasis- chronic inflammatory disorder • Thought to be genetic • Inflammation accompanied by scaly plaques • Scaly plaques develop at an excessive rate • Eczema- • Most common inflammatory disorder • Inflammation often associated with papules, vesicles and crusts • Not a distinct disease but a symptom of an underlying condition • (Example , Contact dermatitis from poison ivy is an allergic reaction.)

  15. Skin Cancer

  16. Skin Cancer

  17. Skin Cancer (3 main types) • 1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Most common • Slow Growing • Hard raised nodules • If not treated it will metastasize

  18. 2. Basal Cell Carcinoma • Usually occurring on the face • Much less likely to metastasize • Characterized by papules with a central crater

  19. 3. Melanoma • Malignancy in a mole • Most serious type • 25% chance of death • Use the ABCD method • A- Benign moles are symmetrical • B- Borders should be distinct • C- Usually evenly colored • D- Should be ¼ inch • **** most common cause of all skin cancer is UV exposure • UV damage changes DNA causing changes in mitosis

  20. Kaposi’s Sarcoma • Characterized by purple lesions • Quickly spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs • Often associated with AIDS a other immune system disorders

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