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Decompilation of Binary Programs

Explore the decompiling process of binary programs, including front-end, UDM, back-end phases, and how signature generation plays a crucial role in maintaining, recovering lost code, and enhancing software security. Learn about reverse compiling and the structure of the decompiler system. Discussion on legality and feasibility included.

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Decompilation of Binary Programs

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  1. Decompilation of Binary Programs Christina Cifuentes & K. John Gough School of Computing Science Queensland University of Technology Presented by Conny Chan

  2. Overview • Usage of decompiler • Phases of the decompiler • Front-end, UDM, Back-end • The decompiling system • Signature generator • Conclusion • Discussion

  3. Reverse Compiler • Perform inverse process of a compiler • Usage: • Maintenance of Code • Lost code recovery • Migration of application to new HW platform. • Translation of the obsolete code into new code. • Software Security • Malicious code detection Binary code HLL program

  4. Note in advance: • Decompiler in this article: • Experimental decompiler for the DOS OS • Intel i80286 architecture • Read .com and .exe files • Produce C programs as output.

  5. Decompiler Structure Binary Program Front-end (machine dependent) UDM (analysis) Back-end (language dependent) HLL program

  6. Loader Parser The Front-end Virtual Memory Binary Program 1. Low-level Intermediate code 2. Control flow graph Semantic Analysis

  7. The Semantic Analysis • Performs idiom analysis e.g. • type propagation. • E.g. long variable found at –1 to –4. neg dx neg ax sbb dx, 0 neg dx:ax [bp-2] … [bp-4] merged [bp-2]:[bp-4]

  8. The Universal Decompiling Machine (UDM) UDM Data Flow Analysis 1. Low-level Intermediate code 2. Control flow graph 1. High-level Intermediate code 2. Structured control flow graph Control Flow Analysis

  9. The Back-end Restructuring 1. High-level Intermediate code 2. Structured control flow graph HLL Program HLL Code Generation

  10. The HLL code generation • Defines: • Global variables • Emits code for each function • In each function: • Comments of such procedures • Variables and procedures named in loc1, proc2, etc.

  11. The Decompiling System Signature Generator (dccSign) + Decompiler (dcc)

  12. Extract Signatures e.g. printf(), scanf() Signature Generator (dccSign) Decompiler (dcc) Signature Database Compiler Signatures Library Signatures Signature Database • If a library function matched, replaced by the library name instead of analyzed by dcc.

  13. Signatures • Library Signature • A series of instructions that identifies library function for a compiler. • Compiler Signature • A series of instructions that identifies a particular version of a compiler.

  14. Decompiler (dcc) Signature Checker Signature Checker • Determined if known compiler is used. • Check first n bytes of instructions with pattern-matching

  15. Conclusion • Present one way for decompiling binary program. • Prove the feasibility of writing a decompiler for a contemporary machine architecture.

  16. Discussion • Is decompilation legal?

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