Investment vs Operating cost

2. Investment vs Operating cost • The average 800,000 ft² Property has $24,000,000.00 replaceable physical plant. The cost of water treatment is $0.02 - $0.04/ ft² to protect this investment. • The industrial market costs are higher. A 200,000 square foot plant may have roughly $100,000,000 in replaceable physical plant. Water treatment cost may be in the vicinity of $0.10-$0.20 / ft² • The owner loses $6 million per year (at 6% cost of money) for every year of lost life as a result of poor water treatment.

3. Who is in charge of your Investment ??? • The Treatment Supplier tells you what your problems are. • Then they tell you what chemicals to use. • Then they tell you how much they will cost. • Then they tell you when it is working. • You know when its not working when something fails.

4. Why treat the water? • Corrosion • Scaling • Deposition • Microbiological

8. Economics • General cooling economics • Effect of scale, deposits, and Bio on efficiency and heat transfer

10. POTENTIAL LOSSES • Biofouled Condenser Tubes – 10% • Scaled Condenser Tubes – 15% • Scaled Boiler Tubes – 8-16% • Equipment Losses - $ millions • Piping Losses - $ millions • Downtime - $ priceless

11. What you are Buying? • Service (70% cost of your program) • Chemicals (Only 20-30% Cost of program) • Intent

12. What you should Expect. • Service Defined • Visits • Testing • Recordkeeping • Inspections • Qualifications • Additional Services

13. CORROSION CONTROL

14. Mild Steel Phosphates Phosphonates Polyphosphates Ortho-phosphates Molybdenum Zinc Silicates Others Blends Copper Tolytriazole BT MBT HRA Others? Tower Corrosion Inhibitors

15. Mild Steel Molybdenum Nitrite Silicates Others Blends Copper Tolytriazole Closed Loop Corrosion Inhibitors

16. Corrosion Control. • Corrosion Rates • Less than 1.0 mils/yr for steel and less than 0.1 mils/yr. for copper. • Less than 0.5 mils/yr. for steel and less than 0.1 mils/yr. for copper.

18. DEPOSITION CONTROL

19. Deposition Control. • What is deposition. • Control with cycles. • Control with polymeric dispersants. • Polyacrylates • Sulfonated Copolymers. • Copolymers • Terpolymers • Quad Polymers • Filtration

20. Microbiological Control

21. Microbiological Control • Aerobic Bacteria • slime • Anaerobic Bacteria • SRB, IRB • Algae • Legionella Bacteria • 7 different sero groups • Dual Alternating Biocide Program

22. Oxidizing Chlorine Sodium Hypochlorite Bromine Liquid Bromine Sodium Bromide Bromine/Chlorine Donors (solids) Hydantoin, Others Ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine gas Non-oxidizing Glutaraldehyde Isothiazolone DBNPA Ethylene Chloride Carbamates Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Types of Biocides

23. Field Testing

24. Bacteria Performance • Aerobic Bacteria should at or less than 10,000 cells/ml in open condenser water systems • Bacteria should be at or less than 1,000 cells/ml in closed loops. • Anaerobic Bacteria at or below 50 cells/ml

25. SCALE CONTROL

26. Scale Inhibitors and Control • REALLY DEPENDING ON THE HARDNESS + ALKALINITY TO PROVIDE THE MILD STEEL CORROSION CONTROL. • YOU WORK ON DEPOSITON CONTROL. • Phosphonates • HEDP • PBTC • Carboxylic Acid

27. Industry Changes • Companies/People • Tubes • Environmental • Service Industry

28. ENHANCED TUBES

29. What you should know about enhanced tubes and package units? • They need flow to be protected. • They need the correct biocide program. • They need adequate copper protection. • They need proper brushing. • They need to be inspected with proper equipment. • They need to be eddy current tested.

30. Underdeposit Corrosion

31. ENHANCED TUBE BRUSHES

32. Rat Race System

33. Cleaning • New Systems • Proper Cleaning • White Rust • Filters • First Year Chiller Maintenance • Eddy current • Corrosion • Inspections

34. White Rust