Information Technology and Processing Power The Overview Dr. Stephen Tse stse@forbin.qc

1. Lesson 1 Information Technology and Processing Power The Overview Dr. Stephen Tse stse@forbin.qc.edu 908-872-2108

2. History of Information/Communications Paper Gunpowder Compass 630 2006 6 Years ? 2002 ATM Portables Solutions PCS CDs WWW Multimedia Cellular DNA E-Commerce 10 Years 1990 1st Fiber Comm PC 1st Fiber TAT Optical Fiber Telstar Electronic Switch. Wireless Microwave 1950 Color TV 1910 Teletype TransAtlantic Radio Bell’s Telephone 1870 TransAtlantic Telegraph 160 Years Envelope 1830 Carbon Paper Eraser Graphite Pencil 1430 1030 1600 Years 230

3. The Original Patent of Telephone Delivery .

4. Initial Deployment of the Telephone Network Overhead Wires at Broadway and John Street, New York, 1890 7VL0378.01

5. Hundred Years Later 1890 1990

6. New System Theory: 1+1>3 The Rise of the Network Society • The function of the Total is much bigger then the sum of individuals. • The digital economy: The age of Networked Intelligence • Bell Labs leading the Information revolution: • - 1962-Bell Labs invented packet switching protocol network. • - 1969-ARPANET is formed. • - 1971-Invention of EMAIL PROGRAM • - 1974-Invention of Transmission Control Protocol. • Everyone can express and do their best - Touch the basic human nature • Reach out & touch everyone vs. Blocking people • The Right Choice vs. No Choice • Experience Science vs. Physical Science • Non-equilibrium System vs. Equilibrium • Dissipative Structures vs. Atomic Structure • Synergetic/Cooperate vs. Cybernetics/Control • Opened Systems vs. Closed Systems • Disruptive Technologies vs. Traditional • Agile Architecture vs. Customized • Convulsive Market vs. Regulated Market I. Prigogine - Order Out of Chaos, Dissipative Structures; E. Laszlo - The Systems View of the World; Arno Penzias - Harmony; Kelly, K - New Rules for the New Economy H. Haken - An Introduction to Synergetic; Bertalanffy, L - General System Theory;

7. First Transistor 1947 Switches Transmission MPEG ATM 1999 ASIC DSP CAD CAD Modem e elemedia Intel P-III Micro CPU Chip 12,000,000 Transistors

8. Silicon Chip Capacity Double Every 18 Months Moors’ Law 1010 Customers Switches Wireless Sys 4Gb Fiber 0.15mm MPEG ATM 1Gb OA Encyclopedia 109 0.15-0.2mm 256Mb C++ Capacity C++ UNIX 0.25-0.3mm U 108 64Mb CAD 0.35-0.4mm CAD e 16Mb elemedia One Book 107 0.5-0.6mm 4Mb 0.7-0.8mm 1Mb 106 1.0-1.2mm 256Kb 1.6-2.4mm 105 This is actually real text about illustrate-on drawing in razor 64Kb One Page 104 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year

9. High-Performance, Atomic-Scale Transistors - 0.08 Micron Technology • These technologies will help enable: • 250X reduction in DSP power • 64 Gbit DRAM • 200 GHz transistor speeds • 10 GHz processor clocks WSix 60 nm 1.2 nm (~4 atoms) Poly-Si drain source 182 monolayers channel

10. System-on-a-ChipDifferent Kinds of Devices are Being Combined DSP ASIC Memory Mixers/VCO LNA/PA UNIX U Filters Cellular HandsetReduced to 2 Chips Acoustic reflecting layers Electrode Piezoelectric film . New process enables acoustic filters, memory, analog circuits and digital logic to be combined on one silicon chip . Advantages for systems, reduced: . Size . Power . Cost . Complexity Si Substrate Low Cost High FrequencyAcoustic Filter

11. Fifth Wave of Computing 1st Wave Mainframe 2nd Wave Mini-Computer 3rd Wave PC-Workstation 4th Wave PDA, Wireless, Handhold, Portable 5th Wave Mobile Data, Wearable-PC, Smart Phone The “Fifth Wave“ of Computing market is greater than that of Portable, Handhold, Mini-Computer and Mainframe Combined.

12. Communication Fuels the New Economy Homes Smart Appliances Intelligent Transit Buildings Computers NETWORKED ECONOMY Entertainment Devices People $ Wireless Smart Vending Handheld Devices SmartCards Lucent Technologies Proprietary 05/15/00 -- 2

13. Today in Telecommunications PCS Cellular Internet How fast? (Feb. 2000) 1.6 Trillion bits/second = 13~15 M calls/sec. or 400 years daily newspaper data/second

14. Global Communications Growth Telephone Subscribers Internet Hosts Millions Billion 10,000 - 1,000 - 100 - Least Squares Fit Projection 6 - 3 - 1 - .3 - .1 - Wireless Internet Hosts Wired | | | | | | | | | | | 1980 ‘83 ‘86 ‘89 ‘92 ‘95 ‘98 ‘01 ‘04 ‘07 ‘10 | | | | | | | | | 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 Source: Network Wizards http://www.nw.com/

15. Stephen Tse

16. Loop Costs Installed Cost (Voice) Fixed Wireless 1000 Wireline Installed Cost ($) (Voice) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Fixed Wireless Loops will increase in Bit Rate & become less expensive than Wire Loops

17. “Smart Antennas”Signal Processing Increase System Capacity by 1000x Enable Growth of Voice, Data & Multimedia PCS Cellular Internet Omni-directional pattern Multi-directional pattern Pico Cells Direct Ray Radio ArrayAntenna ReflectedRays Antenna Micro Cells Interferer 10-fold increase in wireless capacity - More calls (20 200 ISDN calls) - Data/Multimedia Macro Cells

18. Technology Advances Increasing Wireless Capacity U. S. Spectrum Allocation (Freq. in MHz) U. S. Spectrum Allocation (Freq. in MHz) Short-Haul Short-Haul Long-Haul Long-Haul Military & Exploratory Satellite Sat Military & Exploratory TV FM Sat TV Satellite AM Radio TV FM TV AM Radio 1 1 0 0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Steerable Antennas Better Spectrum Reuse Pico Cells Micro Cells Macro Cells 1000 foot range 0.5 mile range 5 mile range Capacity = 200x Capacity = 50x Capacity = 1x More Efficient Spectrum Utilization + Digital Signal Processing (Digital Speech Coding, CDMA, TDMA, Flex Packet) Capacity = 500x Capacity = 10x Capacity = 1000x

19. New Wireless Broadband CapacitySpace-Time Layering (BLAST) 300 250 200 Capacity (Bits/sec/Hz) 150 100 1 GB/sec LAN 50 0 Capacity of a 10 MHz channel 1 2 n S1 S2 S n . . . . . . . . . . . . Cellular/PCS< 1 10 20 40 50 0 30 60 Number of Antennas

20. User Interface Revolution Human Machine Interface Digital Analog Hearing Sight Speech Touch Handwriting Human/Machine Interface • Speech generation and recognition • Character recognition • Video • “Ease of Use” is a critical challenge to the industry

21. Optical Networking and Bandwidth Growth 3000 3000 300 30 30 Fiber system capacity (Gbit/sec) Internet Traffic (Terabytes/month) 3 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Date of System Deployment DWDM Systems • New Network • Topologies • Lower Cost Transport • Optical Processing WDM Systems Single Fiber Capacity 300 1.5m The extremely high growth rate of Internet traffic is being matched by DWDM technology. 1.3/1.5 m 1.3m 0.8 m Wavelength

22. Disruptive Technologies Driving the Communication Industry SCALPEL lithography enables atomic-scale transistors for systems on a chip Protocol-agnostic QoS-enabled routers Software is key to network management and new services Advances in Silicon, Optics, Wireless, and Software will drive a 250-fold increase in network capacity by 2005. 80 wavelengths in 1998, 1,000 wavelengths in 2005 Multi-antenna system increases capacity 10x-100x

23. Technology Advances Improvement1998 - 2002 Technologies Examples Integrated Circuit Density 16x 4 GBIT DRAM Processor Speed 15x 7700 MIPS-2G High-Speed Switching 25x 25x106 PKTS/SEC 6.4 Terabits/sec Speech Recognition 15x 5000 Word Continuous Speech Lightwave 3x 3.2 Terabits/sec. Storage 25x 50 GBYTE Card Wireless Capacity 20x Digital, Micro and Pico cells Software Productivity up to 10x Reusable Software/ Parallel processing

24. See You in the next Class !!