Part 1: Structure of China Geography

1. Part 1: Structure of China Geography Chapter 2. Structure of China Geography Chapter 1. China Geography Location and Territory Remote sensing image Map

2. Chapter 1. China Geography Location and Territory • 1.China Geography Location and Significance • 2.China Territory and Geographical Visage • Thematic I： • Homework：Location Contrast between China and America （Collection of Map Information） Geographic Perspective “Who will feed China”

3. National Conditions Main Teaching Content • Illuminate China's position on the earth and its position in the world and • understand its geographical significance of the forming of China geographic • environment. • Grasp the basic situation of China's territory and boundaries • (Especially Maritime territory). • Identify China surface landscape using remote sensing images. Key Words • geographic location of China • remote sense image of China • administrative divisions of China Map Train graphics association memory

4. 1.China Geography Location and Significance 1.1 China's Position in the Earth Coordinate System (1) Hemispheric Location：North Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere • 1/4 hemisphere land most concentrated, the strongest areas affected by land • Eastern Power Country • Enormous differences Comparing with the Southern Hemisphere (fluid right side, seasonal change reversely) World Topography

5. N53o31' E135o03' 5200km (2) Latitude and Longitude Location Great Country in Mid-latitude E73o22' • 98% of the territory locate between 20-50°, broad area of temperate and subtropical zone, good optical and thermal conditions. 5500km • Broad country and vast living space • Basis of latitude strip incremental change laws • Mid-latitude,Seasons change typically（Influence people’s behavioral habit and variety of everything） N3o51'

6. 1.2 China's Position on the Earth (1) Marine-Terrestrial Location • Both land and sea resources and the environment, transport and culture • Most typical monsoon country in the world, south-west monsoon, south-east monsoon, the plateau monsoon, instableclimate • Basis of surface longitude zone regularity • Basis of large-scale farming and landscape zone regularity • East of Eurasia, the West Bank of Pacific Ocean • Between the biggest mainland and the biggest oceans in the world • South is tropical Indian Ocean • Landlocked in the west, mountain entrenched Ice field Grassland in Temperate zone Grassland in Tropical zone Evergreen broadleaf in subtropical zone Alpine plants belt Needleleaf forests in subfrigid zone Rain forest Evergreen sclerophyte belt in subtropical zone Mixed forests in temperate zone and deciduous broadleaf in temperate zone Tundra Desert belt Distribution of land natural belts in the world

7. (2) Plate Location American Plate Eurasian Plate African plate Pacific Plate India Plate • Three plates contacting zone(From the Land structure perspective) • Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate,the India plate contact

8. Volcano and Seismic Zone Distribution in the World Circum- Pacific seismic zone Continental breaking load seismic zone Active volcano Mid-ocean-ridge seismic zone • Seismic zone pattern——Circum- Pacific seismic zone， Mid-latitudeseismic zone pattern • Basis of macro physiognomy pattern • Vertical zonality（Agriculture and Landscape） • Basis of mineral resources pattern

9. (3) Natural Belt Location • Southeast of boreal forest （Global Terrestrial Forest zone ） • North of tropical rain forest （ Global Terrestrial Forest zone ） • Eurasian desert center （the world's largest temperate zone desert） • East of European-Asian grassland • Highest elevation in the world –located in middle and low latitude • Subtropical forest ——famous agriculture fields Ice field Grassland in Temperate zone Grassland in Tropical zone Evergreen broadleaf in subtropical zone Alpine plants belt Needleleaf forests in subfrigid zone Rain forest Evergreen sclerophyte belt in subtropical zone Mixed forests in temperate zone and deciduous broadleaf in temperate zone Tundra Desert belt Distribution of land natural belts in the world

10. 1.3 China's Position in the World (1) Position in the World Administrative Division and Economic Pattern ★

11. (2) Location in the World's Land Transportation Rotterdam Europe Asian Hunchun China

12. (3) Position in the World’s Cultural Belts Mediterranean Yellow River Tigris River Euphrates River Chang’an Nile India River • East of mid-latitude cultural belt • Mexico,Mediterranean sea——Egypt,Rome,Greece,India River and Yellow River • Regional closed（East Sea and West Desert and Mountain）→Historical and Cultural closed • *Deblij: “One of the greatest ancient civilizations in the world ” • “Chinese civilization developed through a long period of isolation ”

13. 1.4 Status of China in the World (1) China's Population Ranks First in the World Population Power Country From ancient to the modern times, China has been a country with a large population in the world, maintaining the proportion of 1/4 of the total world population in the long term. At the beginning of 12 century, the population was more than 100 million ， At the beginning of 19 century,the population was more than 400 million At the year of 1949, the mainland population of 5.4 billion, 1.2 billion in 1995. At the year of 2000, （Fifth Census） 12.95 million people nationwide to the approximately 21% of total global population America Indonesia India Brazil Russia China World and other countries China's Population Proportion Accounting for the World Population

14. Regional Distribution of Population Density with High-value (1995) • In the east of mid-latitude population density belt, the center of high-value population. • Great Population capacity of land ,representing the world 1/5. China's population proportion of the total world population is gradually declining. 1970 to 22.5%. 1995 to 21.0%. It is expected that China's population will reach 15.7~16 million in 2040~2050 , the proportion will fall to around 16%.

15. (2) China's Land Area Ranks Third in the World China's land area is about 9.6 million Km2 or approximately 6.5% of the total land area in the world, after Russia and Canada, ranking third in the world. China in the world, representing 6.5% of the total land area for 21% of the total world population ？

16. Comparison between China's Land Area and Some Countries Country NameLand Area / km2Comparison （ China :1）Accounting for world’s area(%) Russia 17075400 1.78 11.4 Canada 9976139 1.04 6.7 China 9600000 1.00 6.5 America 9372614 0.98 6.3 Brazil 8511965 0.89 5.7 Australia 7682300 0.80 5.2 India 2974700 0.31 2.2 Kazakstan 2721730 0.28 1.8 Saudi Arabia 2149690 0.25 1.4 Indonesia 1904570 0.20 1.3 France 551600 0.06 0.37 Japan 377750 0.04 0.25 Britain 244100 0.03 0.16

17. (3) China's Major Socio-Economic Indicators Rank First in the World Economic Gross Ranks Sixth in the World China's GDP accounting for 2.5% of the world and 12.9% of the developing countries, seventh in the world in 1995 . China's GDP ranks sixth in the world, with China's rapid economic development, economic output and the gap between the world's major developed countries gradually reduced In 2000. In Recent Years, Economic Growth Ranks First in the World During the Eighth and Ninth Five-year Plan period , China's annual average economic growth was 12% and 8.3% respectively, the world economy grew at 2.6%, 3.8% over the same period, significantly higher than the world average, the growth rate ranks first in the world.

18. Output of Major Industrial and Agricultural Products Ranks First in the World In 1999, the Chinese grain, cotton, rapeseed, fruit, vegetables, meat, eggs, fish, steel, coal, chemical fertilizer, cement, TV production and other industrial and agricultural products maintain primacy the world. In 1996, grain output breached 5000 × 108kg. In 2001, grain output for 4526 × 108kg. In 2001,generating capacity to 14,838 million kilowatt-hours, the second highest in the world. In 2000,crude oil output 1.6 × 108t, 5th place in the world;gas output 277 × 108M3 , is No. 15 in the world. In 1996 steel output reached 10,124 × 104t. exceeded 100 million tons for the first time, being the largest in the world; production reached 15,163 × 104t in 2001 .

19. Total Foreign Exchange Reserves and Foreign Capital also Rank Second in the World 1978 to 160 million U.S. dollars 1989 to 5.6 billion U.S. dollars 1995 to 73.6 billion U.S. dollars 2000 to 165.6 billion U.S. dollars 2001 to 212.2 billion U.S. dollars Ranking second in the world America Spain Singapore Germany Taiwan Hong Kong (A hundred million dollars) China Japan The Top Eight Countries of Foreign Exchange Reserves in the World Since 1990, China's absorption of foreign investment has been in the forefront of developing countries. After 1993, the total foreign capital has been the second highest in the world, after the United States.

20. Foreign Trade Ranks Highest in the World Since reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has been developing rapidly, the average annual growth of foreign trade more than 15%, more than the national economic growth rate. China's import and export trade gross amounted to 20.6 billion U.S in 1978, ranking 32 in world trade. By 1997 the total value of import and export trade reached 325.1 billion U.S. dollars, ranking No. 10 of the world; increased to 509.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2001, the six largest in the world. "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, China's exports amounted to a total of nearly 17740 million. China has become the world trade great country.

21. International Tourism Revenue Ranks Seventh in the World In 1997,the number of international overnight entry tourist reached 2377 ten thousand, ranking sixth in the world. Tourism foreign exchange income amounted to 12.1 billion U.S. dollars, ranking eighth in the world after the U.S., Spain, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Austria and Germany . In 2000, the number of international overnight entry tourist reached 3123 million, the tourism foreign exchange revenue amounted to 16.2 billion U.S. dollars, ranking fifth and seventh places respectively. Data update information : National Bureau of Statistics. China Statistical Yearbook -2002. Beijing : China Statistics Press, 2002