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Renewable Energy Workshop

Renewable Energy Workshop. Biomass From Forest, Farm & City. Biomass. City. Forest. Farm. Bio-Trend Systems Inc. Forest Biomass. What’s out there ??. Slash. Log Merchandizing. Defect. Non-Merchantable. Bio-Trend Systems Inc. More !!. Windrows.

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Renewable Energy Workshop

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  1. Renewable EnergyWorkshop Biomass From Forest, Farm & City

  2. Biomass City Forest Farm Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  3. Forest Biomass

  4. What’s out there ?? Slash Log Merchandizing Defect Non-Merchantable Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  5. More !! Windrows Windrows represent about 15% of the total stand area Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  6. And More !! Logging Debris Chips Chipper Frass Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  7. And More !! Disease Fire Blowdown Insects Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  8. And More !! Low Quality Stands Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  9. And More !! Plantation Thinnings Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  10. Plus Heritage Piles Lot’s of Stuff 40 feet Up Close Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  11. What’s Available ? What’s the Benefit ? Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  12. What’s the Outlook ? Annual Forest Depletion All Working Groups – mid-90’s Climate Change  Stress  Mortality Can We Expect Increased Mortality? Millions of Cubic Metres ? • Yes, BC precedent, over 600 MM³ killed by Mtn. Pine Beetle, in an area • nearly equal to the size of Wisconsin – 60,000 square miles! • Mortality directly linked to climate change. No -40°C  Larva survive • Beetle is in Alberta! Risk of migration to Jack Pine is real. Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  13. Farm Biomass

  14. Switch Grass - a Weed ? Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  15. Willow: Growin’ Like a Weed ! Pasture & Abandon Land Available for Planting In Ontario 1.2 Million ha !!! At 3 Months After Coppicing At 3 Years !! Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  16. Municipal Solid Waste“MSW”

  17. Some Very Old Biomass Tires Mixed Plastics C&D Wood Waste Medical Waste E - Waste Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  18. Biomass Processing & Densification

  19. Processing Requirements Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  20. Densification Fire Wood Grains Liquids Wood or Grass Pellets or Brickets Natural Chips Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  21. Energy Density Comparisons Moisture Densificaion Innovation Replace Fossil Fuels Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  22. BTU: British Thermal Unit = heat required to Raise Temperature of 1 pound of water 1F Energy Use 4000 3000 Size of Your Home Square Feet 2000 1kWh = 3,413 BTU’s. A 2,000 sq.ft. home using 60,000 BTU is equivalent 17.6 kWh/day 1000 0 30 60 90 120 Thousand BTU’s/Day Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  23. Relative Comparison of AlternativeEnergy Sources 40 Ontario Source Oregon Source 30 20 Cost per Million BTU’s 10 0 Propane Heating Oil Electricity Grain (Corn) Wood Pellets Natural Gas Fire Wood Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  24. Comparative “Heating” Costs forA 2000 Sq Ft Home for 2008 3000 Source: Grain Store Supplier 2000 Heat Cost – 2000 sq ft Home 1000 Electricity Propane Heating Oil Wood Pellets Natural Gas Grain (Corn) Fire Wood Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  25. Efficiency Comparisons “The amount of energy harvested from 1 hectare of land minus all energy inputs to produce a fuel shows wide variation”

  26. Efficiency Comparisons BioGas Electricity (corn) Ethanol From Grain Biodiesel (rapseed) 2nd Generation Biofuels (FT) BioGas as Traffic Fuel (corn) BioGas CHP (corn) Short Rotation Forestry (Direct Combustion) 0 50 100 150 200 Net Energy Yield (GJ/ha) 1GJ = 950,000BTU = 278 kWh Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  27. Efficiency + Cost Comparisons • Why not use biomass options for electricity production, car fuels and heating? • Unfortunately, there is not sufficient quantity to serve all 3 markets. • Strive for maximum net energy at lowest cost, right? • Keep a close eye on pricing trends and subsidies for alternatives relevant to your needs. Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  28. Efficiency Comparisons: Biomass to Heat Minimum 80 Maximum % Energy Loss In Converting Biomass 40 0 Pellets Electricity Biofuels (FT) Subsidy/MW In Canada Dollars 75 Minimum Maximum 150 Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  29. Efficiency Comparisons • Comparison: Energy loss and subsidy distribution are closely linked. • Why do the most inefficient energy systems get the highest subsidy??......OUR tax dollars • Note: • A 10 kW electric “heating” system can be replaced by a simple pellet stove (efficiency >90%) for $3,000 • Client cost = $105/MW versus $242/MW for direct heating with electricity • Producing electricity from biomass without using the heat is the most inefficient use of primary energy…… And there is MORE

  30. We Need to Change Our Energy Use Patterns Transport Oil Gas Heating Cooling Electricity Hydro Wind Solar-E Light Information Power Solar-H Biomass Inefficient Efficient Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  31. Technology

  32. Fire Wood Free Standing Outdoor – Space & Water Heat Insert Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  33. Pellets Free Standing Furnace/Boiler with Auto-Feed Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  34. Bio-Gas Anerobic Fermentation Gasification Close-Coupled Typically Animal Waste Typically Plant or Recycled Waste

  35. Anaerobic Digestion“Cow Power” Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  36. Gasification“Hot Air” Tars & Other Particulates Gas Clean-up # 1 Gas Clean-up # 2 Catalyst Treatment Alcohols Combustion & Gasification Gas Separation GasTurbine Waste Heat Boiler Ash Waste Steam Turbine Biomass MSW Note: “Gasifiers” that use the gas internally (close-coupled) are,“technically”, combustion units. Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  37. Bio-Liquids • Acidic/Corrosive • 25% Water • Biphasic • Heated Storage • 8.0 K BTU/lb • Heavy Odor • Not miscible in oil Fast Pyrolysis Liquid Transportable, Modular and Remote Access Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  38. Hi Value – Hi ReturnWaste Remediation + Energy Production Carbon Black Oil from Tires Oil from Mixed Plastic • Miscible in oil • Less than .05% Water • Minimal Odor • 18.0 K BTU/lb • pH neutral • Stores well Comparable to #1 Fuel Oil Comparable to #2 Fuel Oil Steel Belts Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  39. Realistic Burning OptionsforToday

  40. Market Ready Options • Firewood • Wood Stove/Boiler: • In home – space heat. Basic combustion unit • In yard – space and/or water heat. Combustion or Close-Coupled Gasifer) • Lower cost, particularly using family labor • Suited for folks with time they can dedicate to bucking, splitting, stacking and lugging, lugging and stacking, cleaning house, etc. • Pellets (Wood or Grain) • Pellet Stove: Space Heat • Cleaner, less ash/particulates, pellet supply, pellet quality (white vs. brown) • Pellet Furnace: Space and/or Water Heat • Buildings between 2,500 to 50,000 sq ft • Heating capacity less than 800 kW (Chips best for 800kW, or larger) • Examples • Home: 2,000 sq. ft.  60,000 BTU (17.6 kWh/day) (Pellet Stove) • Small: 12,000 sq. ft.  420,000 BTU (123 kWh/day) (Pellet Furnace) • Medium: 105, 000 sq. ft.  2,500,000 BTU (Chip Boiler) Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  41. Close-up – Living with Wood • Northern Ontario Home – 3,000 sq. ft. – Two wood stoves • Tandum Load = 22 face cords = $700 (annual) • Saw = $600 (10 year life) • Bucking and Stacking = 10 days, 1 person = $1,000, or in-kind • Chains, Chain oil, Gas, Maintenance, etc. = $250 (annual) • Splitter + 2 people for 2 days = $340, or in-kind • Hauling and Stacking – 2 people = $200, or in-kind • Daily hauling from wood pile to house = In-kind • Ash removal – 1 person once a week = In-kind • Chimney cleaning – 1 person twice a year = $200, or in-kind • Comfort - Priceless Note: Assumes neighborhood labor…..kids at 10 bucks an hour Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  42. Household Consumption Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  43. END  We Have Choices UNCONTROLLED CONTROLLED ANDRECOVERED Wood Pellets Liquid Bio-Trend Systems Inc.

  44. Conversion Factors • Wood Chip Volume • 1 Green Ton (GT) = 1 M3 = 2,000 pounds • 1 Cord = 2,500 pounds = 1.25 Green Tons • Transportation Factors • 1 Chip Van = 25 GT = 1 Standard Log Truck = 10 Cords • Electricity Factors • 1 MW (MW = Million Watts)  Power for 750 to 1000 homes annually • Thermal Energy Factors • 1 Therm = 100,000 BTU (or about 100 cu ft of natural gas) • 1 Ton of Woody Fuel = 15.7 Million BTU or 157 Therms • 1 Ton of Wood Pellets = 15.6 Million BTU or 156 Therms • 15.6 Million BTU’s would service a 1.91 Million Sq. Ft. Building

  45. 1MW = 3.4 million BTU  service 750 to 1000 homes • 1kW = 3,400 BTU • 25 kW = 140,000 BTU  service 18 to 25 homes • 100 kW = 340,000 BTU  service 75 to 100 homes

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