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Unit 3: The Renaissance

Unit 3: The Renaissance. 1450-1600. TIMELINE. 1450-1500 Botticelli, La Primavera (1477) Fall of Constantinople (1453) Gutenberg Bible (1456) Columbus Reaches the Americas (1492). 1500-1600 Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa (1503). 1500-1600 cont. Michelangelo, David (1504).

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Unit 3: The Renaissance

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  1. Unit 3: The Renaissance 1450-1600

  2. TIMELINE • 1450-1500 • Botticelli, La Primavera (1477) • Fall of Constantinople (1453) • Gutenberg Bible (1456) • Columbus Reaches the Americas (1492)

  3. 1500-1600 • Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa (1503)

  4. 1500-1600 cont. • Michelangelo, David (1504)

  5. 1500-1600 cont. • Raphael, School of Athens (1505)

  6. 1500-1600 cont. • Titian, Venus and the Lute Player (1570)

  7. 1500-1600 cont. • William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (1596) • Martin Luther’s ninety-five theses, start of the Protestant Reformation (1517) • Council of Trent (1545-63) • Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1558-1603) • Spanish Armada defeated (1588)

  8. “Renaissance” • 15th and 16th century Europe known as a “rebirth” or “renaissance” of human activity

  9. GENERALIZATIONS • Exploration • Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan • Individualism (“universal man”) • Leonardo da Vinci • Painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, musician

  10. Humanism • The dominant intellectual movement • Focused on human life and its accomplishments • No concern with Heaven or Hell • Even though many were devout religious believers, they were captivated by the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome • Intoxicated with beauty of ancient languages – Greek and Latin – and with the literature of antiquity

  11. Humanism cont… • Painters and sculptors drawn to subjects from classical literature/mythology • Art highlighted depictions of the nude body • a favorite theme of antiquity, but an object of shame and concealment during Middle Ages. Medieval artists more concerned with religious symbols rather than lifelike representation • Art more concerned in realism • Linear persepective – geometrical system for creating an illusion of space and depth. • Example: Raphael’s School of Athens

  12. Example of Medieval art

  13. Example of Renaissance art • Raphael, School of Athens (1505)

  14. Humanism cont… • Painters no longer treated the Virgin Mary as a childlike, unearthly creature—they showed her as a beautiful young woman

  15. Catholic Church • Far less powerful, but the Christian church as a whole was still an important musical center • The unity of Christendom was exploded by the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther (1483-1546) • Aristocrats and upper middle class now considered education a status symbol; hired scholars to teach their kids • Church no longer monopolized learning

  16. Technology • Invention of the movable type printing press by Gutenberg accelerated the speed of learning • Before, books were rare and extremely expensive • By 1500, 15-20 million copies of 40,000 editions had been printed in Europe

  17. Chapter 1: MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE • Idea of the “universal man” • Every educated person was expected to be musically trained.

  18. MUSIC IN THE REN., cont… • Musicians worked in churches, courts and towns • Churches • Church choirs grew • Polyphonic music was no longer performed by several soloists, but entire choirs

  19. MUSIC IN THE REN., cont… • Courts (where most activity occurred) • Kings, princes, dukes competed for best composers • Courts had 10-60 musicians • Nobility often brought musicians along when traveling • Women employed in many Italian courts (late Renaissance)

  20. MUSIC IN THE REN., cont… • Towns • Musicians played for civic processions, weddings, religious services • Higher status and pay than before • Composers started seeking credit for their work, unlike the anonymity of the Middle Ages.

  21. MUSIC IN THE REN., cont… • Most leading musicians came from the Low Countries (Flanders) • Highly sought after, mostly in Italy, which became center of musical life

  22. CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC • Words and Music • Vocal more important than instrumental • Why? • More connection between music and meaning/emotion of the text • “When one of the words expresses weeping, pain, heartbreak, sighs, tears and other similar things, let the harmony be full of sadness.” –Zarlino (Renaissance music theorist)

  23. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • Text Painting • Musical representation of specific poetic images. • How would you show: • “Running” “Descending from Heaven” “Death” • What are some other, less obvious ones?

  24. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • Music still seems calm and restrained to us. • All the emotion and expression in Renaissance music is expressed in moderation, balance • No extreme dynamic contrast • Little tone color contrast • Little rhythmic contrast

  25. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • What SHMRFT traits can you fill in so far?

  26. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • Texture • Polyphonic • 4, 5, or 6 voices, nearly equal melodic interest • Imitation • Each voice presents the same melodic idea in turn (as in a round) • Some homophonic texture is used, especially in light music, dances

  27. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • Fuller sound • Bass register used for first time, increasing number of octaves heard • Composers began to think in chords, in addition to individual melodic lines • In Middle Ages, entire melody lines thought up one at a time and then combined. • In Renaissance, melodies were thought up in relation to how they accompany each other • Mild, relaxed • Lots of stable, consonant chords, many triads • Very little dissonance

  28. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • “Golden Age” of a cappella choral music • Little instrumental accompaniment • 2 Main uses for instruments 1. To duplicate vocal lines to reinforce the sound 2. Play the part of a missing singer Now what can you add to your SHMRFT traits?

  29. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • Rhythm • Gentle flow, not sharply defined beat • Each melodic line held great rhythmic independence • Made it challenging to sing – each singer had to be independently strong

  30. CHARACTERISTICS, cont… • Melody • Melodies generally easy to sing • Moves stepwise, few large leaps And your SHMRFT traits now?

  31. LISTENING TO RENAISSANCE • Sicut Cervus • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

  32. VOCABULARY REVIEW • Renaissance • Individualism • “Universal man” • Humanism • Realism • Linear Perspective • Text Painting/Word Painting • Imitation • Consonance/Dissonance • A cappella

  33. Technology: Movable Type Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible Kalyn Julian Blake Jacob Religion: Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Dominique Phil Alec Bilal Exploration: Columbus, da Gama, Magellan Kieryn Claire Chris Taimoor Art: da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Emma Aaron Sami Ryan Literature: William Shakespeare Anna Andrew Nathan Nick UNIT III PRESENTATIONS

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