Review PP WWII and T he Cold War Unit 7, Part 2

1. Review PPWWII and The Cold War Unit 7, Part 2 By Avery Moe

2. Key Terms • Total War – War involving entire populations and economies of countries involved • Genocide – termination of an entire people • Scorched Earth – defensive warfare strategy where everything that could be used by invading army is destroyed • Keiretsu – alliances of independent Japanese firms, successors of pre-war zaibatsu • Berlin Blockade – 1948 Russains barred everything in/out of Berlin to gain control of it

3. People • Theodore Roosevelt – US president, part of the allied forces • President Truman-responded to Berlin Blockade by airlifting supplies • Winston Churchill – prime minister of Britain • General Eisenhower, Allies general • Adolph Hitler – Nazi leader, German tyrant • Mussolini – Italian tyrant • Robert J Oppenheimer – architect of atomic bomb • General Douglas MacArthur – Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers

4. Events - The War in the Pacific • Pacific War = full-scale war China vs Japan in 1937 • Japanese attacked/captured Nanjing (“Rape of Nanjing”) • Chinese gov retreated to Chongqing • Scorched-earth strategy – leave little behind • 1940 Japan signed Tripartite Pact, now an Axis Power • 1941 signed neutrality pact with Soviet Union • US = embargo on Japanese trading, frozen assets • Japan chose confronting US over retreating from China • Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941 -> US enters WWII • Same day Japan attacks Philippines, Hong Kong, Malaya • By 1942 Japancontrols most of Southeast Asia • Attempted imperial system for colonies, but failed

5. Assessing Results of the War Technology in the War Increased use of technology Tanks, subs, aircraft Staggering costs Allies tanks generally more sophisticated than Axis Allies had greater numbers of weapons as well Axis powers began to fall steadily short of Allied powers technologicallyand industrially • “Total War” – involved entire populations and economies of nations involved • Est 50 million deaths • 6 million Jews died • Asia’s victories enhanced Japan’s power • Many Asian countries then protested and gained independence after the war

6. Events - Women and the War • Even in WWI, women began to work outside of the home • Women’s suffrage gained in 1920 (US/ W. Europe) • After WWI most women returned home, after WWII, many women continued their jobs • Allies encouraged women to join workforce • Rosie the Riveter-women doing factory work • Axis actively encouraged women to stay at home and prevented them from getting jobs • Loans offered, education and abortions illegalized, etc • China – communists = women soldiers, nationalists = stay home to work • Many women returned home after war by social pressure • Feminism became prominent, women’s roles permanently affected

7. Events - Political Reconstruction Japan Germany After surrender, Germany was destroyed Divided into 4 differently developing states US, Britain, France, Russia Russian zone-severe, rigged elections, poor economy Western zones-free market, good economy 1948 Berlin Blockade, Soviets wanted control Berlin was shared by all powers Truman airlifted supplies • After atomic bombs, Japan surrendered unconditionally • American occupation • Goals (all were achieved) • Punishing Japanese leaders • Est. a democracy • Reviving devastated economy • Make Japan ally in Cold War • Colonial empire dissolved, democracy instated • Demobilized military • Occupation Authority – redistribution of land; education • Japan supplied for US in Korea

8. Events - Economic Reconstruction and The Cold War • Europe-in ruins- 50 million dead • Bankrupt treasuries; no transportation/ communication; no international trade; destroyed industries/ homes • Strikes, guerrilla forces, protests • Truman didn’t want Russia taking advantage • US sent billions of dollars of aid to Europe • Marshal Plan – financial assistance