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Cycles of Matter

Cycles of Matter. All matter cycles...it is neither created nor destroyed... The Earth is essentially a closed system with respect to matter, we can say that all matter on Earth cycles . . Biogeochemical cycles : the movement (or cycling) of matter through a system.

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Cycles of Matter

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  1. Cycles of Matter

  2. All matter cycles...it is neither created nor destroyed... The Earth is essentially a closed system with respect to matter, we can say that all matter on Earth cycles .

  3. Biogeochemical cycles: the movement (or cycling) of matter through a system. We will look at 4 cycles.

  4. Hydrological or Water Cycle

  5. Many processes work together to keep Earth's water moving in a cycle. There are six processes:

  6. Condensation Precipitation Runoff Infiltration (seepage) Evaporation Transpiration

  7. Condensation: process of water changing from a vapor to a liquid

  8. Precipitation is water being released from clouds as rain, sleet, snow, or hail.

  9. Infiltration (seepage): water that seeps into the ground. Precipitation that reaches the surface of the Earth but does not infiltrate the soil is called runoff.

  10. Evaporation: water changing from a liquid to a gaseous form. Transpiration: H20 evaporating from plant leaves.

  11. Water cycle

  12. Carbon Cycle • 4 different processes involved in the Carbon Cycle: • Biological photosynthesis, respiration & decaying of plants and animals.

  13. 2) Geochemical release of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) by volcanoes.

  14. 3) Mixed biogeochemicalfossil fuels

  15. 4) Human activity burning fossils fuels, burning and cutting forests

  16. Nitrogen Cycle All organisms need nitrogen to build amino acids. Nitrogen gas (N2) is the most abundant form of nitrogen 78% of Earth’s atmosphere

  17. However only certain bacteria can use N2 so they convert nitrogen gas into ammonia (nitrogen fixation) which then other bacteria make nitrates and nitrites which can be used to make proteins

  18. Decomposers: Return nitrogen to the soil in the form of ammonia…it can be taken up again or…

  19. Go through a process called denitrification. Bacteria in the soil convert nitrates (NO3-) and (NO2-) into nitrogen gas (N2).

  20. Phosphorus Cycle

  21. The largest reservoir of phosphorus is in sedimentary rock.

  22. The cycle starts with the introduction of phosphate (PO4) into soils from the weathering of rocks which then enter the ecosystem through plants.

  23. Movement of Phosphorus Plants Animals Herbivores Carnivores Phosphate (PO4) PO4

  24. Movement of Phosphorus Carnivores Soil Decomposition of dead animals PO4 Urine & Feces Dead plants PO4

  25. Primary Productivity: rate of organic matter that is created by producers What limits production? Availability of nutrients

  26. Limiting nutrient: when growth is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce. Examples?

  27. Algal bloom: Lots of nutrients = Lots of algae grow = Lots of food, but what if there are not enough consumers? Look at pg. 494/ 16.3 What is it called when lakes & ponds slowly begin to fill?

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