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Powering the nanoworld: DNA-based molecular motors

Powering the nanoworld: DNA-based molecular motors. Bernard Yurke. Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA. A. J. Turberfield University of Oxford J. C. Mitchell University of Oxford A. P. Mills Jr U. C. Riverside

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Powering the nanoworld: DNA-based molecular motors

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  1. Powering the nanoworld: DNA-based molecular motors Bernard Yurke Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA A. J. Turberfield University of Oxford J. C. Mitchell University of Oxford A. P. Mills Jr U. C. Riverside M. I. Blakey Bell Laboratories F. C. Simmel Ludwig-Maximilians University J. L. Neumann Rutgers University N. Langrana Rutgers University D. Lin Rutgers University R. J. Sanyal Princeton University J. R. Fresco Princeton University

  2. Assembling nanostructures and nanomotors out of DNA • DNA as a structural material • DNA nanostructures • DNA machines • Molecular tweezers • Nanoactuator • Control of hybridization rate

  3. Double-stranded DNA base pairing Linear representation: 5’ TGATCACTTAGAGCAAGC 3’ 3’ ACTAGTGAATCTCGTTCG 5’

  4. Two strands of DNA bind most strongly with each other when their base sequences are complementary.

  5. Assembly of DNA based nanostructures via hybridization of complementary DNA sequences.

  6. Chen and Seeman, Nature 350, 631 (1991).

  7. DNA-based self-assembled masks Gold particles depicted as being 2 nm in size.

  8. DNA self-assembly for molecular electronics

  9. Assembly of 2D lattices (tilings) (Winfree, ‘98)

  10. Assembly of a Sierpinski Triangle ’

  11. P. Rothemund and E. Winfree, STOC 2000

  12. Logical computation using algorithmic self-assembly of DNA triple-crossover molecules yi = yi-1XOR xi Mao, et al. Nature 407, 493 (2000)

  13. DNA nanotechnology DNA directed assembly of gold nanoparticles (Mirkin ‘96, Alivisatos ‘96) and CdSe nanocrystals (Coffer ‘96) Assembly of proteins (Niemeyer ‘99) Template directed assembly of metal wires (Braun ‘98)

  14. Strand displacement via branch migration

  15. Each step in the random walk takes about 10 msec.

  16. Reversible Gel 3mm

  17. Artificial molecular motors • Artificial molecular motors may be used to accomplish tasks similar to biological molecular motors: • Transport substances • Provide motility • Allow the construction of shape changing materials

  18. Kinesin: A Trucker of the Cell Vesicle Kinesin Microtubule

  19. DNA Replication Alberts, Nature 421, 431 (2003) An assembly process with an error rate of 10-9

  20. Making machines from DNA Utilizing the BZ transition of DNA (Mao et al, 1999): B Z

  21. DNA tweezers Yurke, et al., Nature 406, 605 (2000) Motor Hinge Arms

  22. Fuel strand Closing the tweezers

  23. DNA hybridization can do mechanical work W = F Dx The free energy available to do work when a base pair is formed, averaged over all types of base pairing, is W = DG = 78 meV. The displacement resulting from forming a base pair is Dx = 2 X 0.43 nm. 0.43 nm Dx F F The stall force for a hybridization motor is thus F = DG/Dx = 15 pN. This is comparable to the stall force of biological molecular motors.

  24. Attached fuel strand has single stranded extension.

  25. Complement of fuel strand attaches to single stranded extension of fuel strand.

  26. Tweezers are displaced from fuel strand via branch migration.

  27. Waste product, consisting of the fuel strand hybridized with its complement, is produced each time the tweezers are cycled between their open and closed states.

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