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Network Guide to Networks, 5th Edition. 2. Objectives. List the advantages of networked computing relative to standalone computingDistinguish between client/server and peer-to-peer networksList elements common to all client/server networks. Network Guide to Networks, 5th Edition. 3. Objectives
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1. Network+ Guide to Networks5th Edition Chapter 1
An Introduction to Networking Loosely defined, a network is a group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media. Variations on the elements of a network and its design, however, are nearly infinite. Additionally, the size of a network may be small or large. Network communication media includes copper wires, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, infrared, or satellite links. This chapter introduces the student to the fundamental characteristics of networks.Loosely defined, a network is a group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media. Variations on the elements of a network and its design, however, are nearly infinite. Additionally, the size of a network may be small or large. Network communication media includes copper wires, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, infrared, or satellite links. This chapter introduces the student to the fundamental characteristics of networks.
2. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 2 Objectives List the advantages of networked computing relative to standalone computing
Distinguish between client/server and peer-to-peer networks
List elements common to all client/server networks
3. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 3 Objectives (cont’d.) Describe several specific uses for a network
Identify some of the certifications available to networking professionals
Identify the kinds of skills and specializations that will help you excel as a networking professional
4. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 4 Why Use Networks? Network
Group of computers and devices
Connected by transmission media
Stand-alone computer
Not connected to other computers
Uses local software and data
Advantages of networks over standalone computers
Device sharing by multiple users
Saves money and time
Central network management Define a network.
Define a stand-alone computer.
Describe the advantages of using networks relative to stand-alone computers.Define a network.
Define a stand-alone computer.
Describe the advantages of using networks relative to stand-alone computers.
5. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 5 Types of Networks Models vary according to:
Computer roles
Control levels over shared resources
Communication and resource sharing schemes
Network models
Peer-to-Peer
Client/server
Explain the general factors differentiating network models.
Introduce the peer-to-peer and client/server network models.Explain the general factors differentiating network models.
Introduce the peer-to-peer and client/server network models.
6. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 6 Peer-to-Peer Networks Direct computer communication
Equal authority
Individual resource sharing
May share resources
May prevent access to resources
Traditional model
Two or more general purpose computers
Capable of sending and receiving information to and from every other computer
Discuss the characteristics of a peer-to-peer network.
Describe the characteristics of a traditional peer-to-peer network.
Use Figure 1-1 to illustrate resource sharing on a peer-to-peer network.
Discuss the characteristics of a peer-to-peer network.
Describe the characteristics of a traditional peer-to-peer network.
Use Figure 1-1 to illustrate resource sharing on a peer-to-peer network.
7. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 7 Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont’d.)
8. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 8 Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont’d.) Advantages
Simple configuration
Less expensive
Compared to other network models
Disadvantages
Not flexible
Not necessarily secure
Not practical for large installations Describe the advantages of peer-to-peer networks.
Describe the disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks.
Explain how resources are shared on a peer-to-peer network.Describe the advantages of peer-to-peer networks.
Describe the disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks.
Explain how resources are shared on a peer-to-peer network.
9. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 9 Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont’d.) Resource sharing method
Modify file sharing controls
A user responsibility
Not centrally controlled
Potential variations and security issues
Environments
Small home or office
Large networks using the Internet
Gnutella, Freenet, original Napster
BitTorrent software Be sure to emphasize that modifying file-sharing controls is operating system dependent and that this method of resource sharing may lead to access controls that are not uniform or secure.Be sure to emphasize that modifying file-sharing controls is operating system dependent and that this method of resource sharing may lead to access controls that are not uniform or secure.
10. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 10 Client/Server Networks Central computer (server)
Facilitates communication and resource sharing
Clients (other computers)
Personal computers
Known as workstations
Central resource sharing controlled by server
Data sharing, data storage space, devices
No direct sharing of client resources
Introduce the client/server model.
Define a server emphasizing its client/server role.
Define a client.
Be sure to emphasize the difference between the term client/server network and the term client/server architecture.Introduce the client/server model.
Define a server emphasizing its client/server role.
Define a client.
Be sure to emphasize the difference between the term client/server network and the term client/server architecture.
11. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 11 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Computer roles
Server
Clients
Run local applications
Store data locally
Use server shared applications, data, devices
Use server as intermediary
Communication
Switches or routers Explain the two roles a computer may assume in a client/server network.
Be sure to emphasize that it is possible for a computer to act as both a client and a server and explain how this might occur.
Describe how clients and servers communicate.
Explain the two roles a computer may assume in a client/server network.
Be sure to emphasize that it is possible for a computer to act as both a client and a server and explain how this might occur.
Describe how clients and servers communicate.
12. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 12 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)
13. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 13 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Server requirement
Network operating system
Manages client data, resources
Ensures authorized user access
Controls user file access
Restricts user network access
Dictates computer communication rules
Supplies application to clients
Server examples
UNIX, Linux, Microsoft Server 2003 and 2008, MAC OS X Server Describe a server’s operating system requirement.
Provide examples of current Network Operating Systems.
Describe a server’s operating system requirement.
Provide examples of current Network Operating Systems.
14. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 14 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Server features relative to clients
More memory, processing, storage capacity
Equipped with special hardware
Provides network management functions
Disadvantages relative to peer-to-peer networks
Complex in design and maintenance
Explain the features of servers relative to clients.
Describe the disadvantage of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network.
Explain the features of servers relative to clients.
Describe the disadvantage of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network.
15. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 15 Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Advantages relative to peer-to-peer networks
User credential assigned from one place
Multiple shared resource access centrally controlled
Central problem monitoring, diagnostics, correction capabilities
User response time optimization capabilities
Efficient processing on large networks
Scalability
Popular in medium- and large-scale organizations
Describe the advantages of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network.
Describe the advantages of a client/server network relative to a peer-to-peer network.
16. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 16 LANs, MANs, and WANs LAN (local area network)
Network confined to a relatively small space
1980s
LANs became popular as peer-to-peer based
Today
Larger and more complex client/server network
MAN (metropolitan area network)
Network extends beyond building boundaries
Larger than LAN
Connects clients and servers from multiple buildings Define and describe a LAN.
Define and describe a MAN.Define and describe a LAN.
Define and describe a MAN.
17. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 17 LANs, MANs, and WANs (cont’d.)
18. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 18 LANs, MANs, and WANs (cont’d.) WAN (wide area network)
Connects two or more geographically distinct LANs or MANs
Comparison to LANs
Use slightly different transmission methods and media
Use greater variety of technologies
Network connection
Separate offices in same organization
Separate offices in different organizations Define and describe a WAN.
Define and describe a WAN.
19. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 19 LANs, MANs, and WANs (cont’d.) Be sure to mention that most MANs can also be described as WANsBe sure to mention that most MANs can also be described as WANs
20. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 20 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks Client
Network computer requesting resources or services from another network computer
Client workstation human user
Client software installed on workstation
Server
Network computer managing shared resources
Runs network operating system
Workstation
Personal computer
May or may not be connected to network Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Client
Server
WorkstationDescribe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Client
Server
Workstation
21. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 21 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) NIC (network interface card)
Device inside computer
Connects computer to network media
Allows communication with other computers
NOS (network operating system)
Server software
Enables server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
NIC (network interface card)
NOS (network operating systemDescribe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
NIC (network interface card)
NOS (network operating system
22. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 22 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)
23. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 23 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Host
Computer
Enables network resource sharing by other computers
Node
Client, server, or other device
Communicates over a network
Identified by unique number (network address)
Connectivity device
Allows multiple networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Host
Node
Connectivity device
Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Host
Node
Connectivity device
24. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 24 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Segment
Group of nodes
Use same communications channel for traffic
Backbone
Connects segments and significant shared devices
“A network of networks”
Topology
Computer network physical layout
Ring, bus, star or hybrid formation Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Segment
Backbone
Topology
Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Segment
Backbone
Topology
25. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 25 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)
26. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 26 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)
27. Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.) Protocol
Standard method or format for communication between networked devices
Data packets
Distinct data units exchanged between nodes
Addressing
Scheme for assigning unique identifying number to every node
Transmission media
Means through which data is transmitted and received Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 27 Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Protocol
Data packets
Transmission
Addressing scheme
Transmission media
Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks.
Protocol
Data packets
Transmission
Addressing scheme
Transmission media
28. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 28 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (cont’d.)
29. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 29 Quick Quiz True or False: Before networks, transferring data via floppy disks was the only possible way to share data.
True or False: A client/server network is the simplest network model.
True or False: A common way to share resources on a client/server network is by modifying the file-sharing controls via the computer’s operating system.
True
False
FalseTrue
False
False
30. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 30 Quick Quiz (cont) 4. A network that is larger than a LAN and connects clients and servers from multiple buildings is known as a(n) ____.
5. Which term identifies a computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network?
Subnode
Host
Node
NIC
MAN
BMAN
B
31. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 31 How Networks Are Used Network services
Functions provided by a network
Most visible
E-mail
Other vital services
Printer sharing, file sharing, Internet access and Web site delivery, remote access capabilities, the provision of voice (telephone) and video services, network management Define network services.
Identify and discuss the most visible network service - E-mail.
Mention other vital services.Define network services.
Identify and discuss the most visible network service - E-mail.
Mention other vital services.
32. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 32 File and Print Services File services
Capability of server to share data files, applications and disk storage space
File server
Provides file services
File services provide foundation of networking
Print services
Share printers across network
Saves time and money Define file services.
Define a file server.
Discuss why file services are the foundation of networking today.
Define print services and describe the advantages the service provides. Define file services.
Define a file server.
Discuss why file services are the foundation of networking today.
Define print services and describe the advantages the service provides.
33. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 33 Access Services Allow remote user network connection
Allow network users to connect to machines outside the network
Remote user
Computer user on different network or in different geographical location from LAN’s server
Network operating systems include built-in access services Describe the two functions of access services.
Define a remote user.
Explain how network operating systems implement access services.
Describe the two functions of access services.
Define a remote user.
Explain how network operating systems implement access services.
34. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 34 Access Services (cont’d.) Provide LAN connectivity when WAN connection is not cost-effective
External staff used to diagnose problems
Allow external users to use network resources and devices
Same as if logged on to office workstation Describe the circumstances where access services are most often implemented by organizations.
Emphasize how remote access servers allow external users to use network resources and devices just as if they were logged on to a workstation in the office.
Describe the circumstances where access services are most often implemented by organizations.
Emphasize how remote access servers allow external users to use network resources and devices just as if they were logged on to a workstation in the office.
35. Communications Services Convergence
Phenomenon of offering multiple types of communications services on the same network
Unified communications
Multiple network-based communications centralized management
E-mail
Oldest and most frequently used
Mail server
Computer responsible for mail services
Coordinates storage and transfer of e-mail Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 35 Define convergence.
Define unified communications.
Identify and explain the oldest and still most frequently used network communications services.Define convergence.
Define unified communications.
Identify and explain the oldest and still most frequently used network communications services.
36. Communications Services (cont’d.) Additional tasks of mail servers
Intercept spam
Handle objectionable content
Route messages according to rules
Provide Web-based client
Notify administrators or users if certain events occur
Schedule e-mail transmission, retrieval, storage, maintenance functions
Communicate with mail servers on other networks
Mail server runs specialized mail server software Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 36 Describe the additional tasks mail servers handle.
Describe and identity additional software mail servers need to run.Describe the additional tasks mail servers handle.
Describe and identity additional software mail servers need to run.
37. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 37 Internet Services Supplying Web pages
Servers work together to bring Web pages to user’s desktop
Web server
Computer installed with appropriate software to supply Web pages to many different clients upon demand
Other Internet services
File transfer capabilities, Internet addressing schemes, security filters, means for directly logging on to other Internet computers Describe the Web service function.
Define a Web server.
Mention other Internet services.Describe the Web service function.
Define a Web server.
Mention other Internet services.
38. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 38 Management Services Small network management
Single network administrator
Network operating system’s internal functions
Today’s larger network management
Centrally administered network management tasks Define and describe network management services.Define and describe network management services.
39. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 39 Management Services (cont’d.) Other important services
Traffic monitoring and control
Load balancing
Hardware diagnosis and failure alert
Asset management
License tracking
Security auditing
Address management
Backup and restoration of data Explain other important network management services.
Traffic monitoring and control
Load balancing
Hardware diagnosis and failure alert
Asset management
License tracking
Security auditing
Address management
Backup and restoration of dataExplain other important network management services.
Traffic monitoring and control
Load balancing
Hardware diagnosis and failure alert
Asset management
License tracking
Security auditing
Address management
Backup and restoration of data
40. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 40 Becoming a Networking Professional Job market
Many job postings for computer professionals
Expertise levels required vary
To prepare for entering job market
Master general networking technologies
Select areas of interest
Study those specialties
Hone communication and teamwork skills
Stay abreast of emerging technologies Describe the general atmosphere regarding networking jobs.
Explain the general steps to enter the networking job market successfully.
Demonstrate a live search of networking jobs using various related keywords on http://www.monster.com to illustrate the vast number of networking positions available.Describe the general atmosphere regarding networking jobs.
Explain the general steps to enter the networking job market successfully.
Demonstrate a live search of networking jobs using various related keywords on http://www.monster.com to illustrate the vast number of networking positions available.
41. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 41 Mastering the Technical Challenges Networking positions utilizing logical and analytical thinking
Obtain skill sets desired
Positions in high demand
Consider a general knowledge of all
Specialize in a few
Determine appropriate personal learning methods
Obtain hands-on experience Review the skill sets desired for networking positions utilizing logical and analytical thinking.
Describe the networking specialties currently in high demand.
Describe the various learning methods available and emphasize the importance of determine personal learning preferences.
Emphasize the importance of obtaining hands-on experience when it comes to improving networking hardware and software skills. Skills USAReview the skill sets desired for networking positions utilizing logical and analytical thinking.
Describe the networking specialties currently in high demand.
Describe the various learning methods available and emphasize the importance of determine personal learning preferences.
Emphasize the importance of obtaining hands-on experience when it comes to improving networking hardware and software skills. Skills USA
42. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 42 Developing Your “Soft Skills” Soft skills
Not easily measurable
Important to networking projects
Customer relations
Oral and written communications
Dependability
Teamwork
Leadership abilities
Define and describe soft skills. Be sure to explain how they are advantageous in networking projects.Define and describe soft skills. Be sure to explain how they are advantageous in networking projects.
43. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 43 Pursuing Certification Certification process
Master material
Pertaining to particular hardware system, operating system, programming language, software application
Proving mastery
Pass exams
Professional organizations
CompTIA
Vendors
Microsoft , Cisco Define the certification process.
Provide an example of a professional organization offering certifications.
Provide examples of vendor organizations offering certifications.Define the certification process.
Provide an example of a professional organization offering certifications.
Provide examples of vendor organizations offering certifications.
44. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 44 Pursuing Certification (cont’d.) Benefits
Better salary
Greater opportunities
Professional respect
Access to better support
Drawback
Number of people obtaining and pursuing them Discuss the benefits of network certification.
Describe the drawback of certifications. Discuss the benefits of network certification.
Describe the drawback of certifications.
45. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 45 Finding a Job in Networking Job research methods
Search the Web
Read the newspaper
Visit a career center
Network
Attend career fairs
Enlist a recruiter Describe the various resources and methods a student can use to find a job in networking:
Search the Web
Read the newspaper
Visit a career center
Network
Attend career fairs
Enlist a recruiterDescribe the various resources and methods a student can use to find a job in networking:
Search the Web
Read the newspaper
Visit a career center
Network
Attend career fairs
Enlist a recruiter
46. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 46 Joining Professional Associations Provide varying benefits
Connect with people having similar interests
New learning opportunities
Specialized information access
Tangible assets (free goods)
Publications
Technical workshops and conferences
Free software, prerelease software
Expensive hardware lab access Explain the varying benefits of joining professional associations.Explain the varying benefits of joining professional associations.
47. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 47 Joining Professional Associations (cont’d.)
48. Quick Quiz 2 The functions provided by a network are usually referred to as network ____.
A(n) ____ server may also be known as simply an access server.
True or False: The oldest and still most frequently used network communications services are print services.
Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 48 Services
remote access
FalseServices
remote access
False
49. Quick Quiz 2 (cont) 4. True or False: Configuration and optimization of routers and switches is a skill currently in high demand.
5. The term ____ refers to those skills that are not easily measurable.
Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 49 True
Soft skillsTrue
Soft skills
50. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 50 Summary Defined networks and stand-alone computers
Described network advantages
Relative to stand-alone computer
Discussed peer-to-peer networks
Described traditional peer-to-peer networks
Discussed client/server networks
Defined and compared LANs, MANs and WANs
51. Network+ Guide to Networks, 5th Edition 51 Summary (cont’d.) Reviewed common client/server network elements
Described various network services
Reviewed the networking profession
Presented overview of certifications available
Listed skill sets required for networking positions and projects
Described advantages of joining professional associations