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Biochemistry

Biochemistry. The importance of carbon to living things…. Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost level (half full) 2) It can form up to 4 bonds. 3) It can form compounds of many different shapes. Some important words to know.

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Biochemistry

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  1. Biochemistry

  2. The importance of carbon to living things… • Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost level (half full) 2) It can form up to 4 bonds. 3) It can form compounds of many different shapes

  3. Some important words to know MONOMER = “one molecule”, monomers are the subunits of the larger compounds that we need. POLYMER= “many molecules”, these are usually called MACROMOLECULES (“big molecules”)

  4. How are Macromolecules formed? Condensation Reaction – water is removed and 2 (or more) monomers chemically bond to form 1 larger molecule. (Energy is usually needed to make this reaction happen)

  5. How do Macromolecules break down? Hydrolysis – the monomers are split apart, binds break, and water is added. (This reaction usually releases energy)

  6. What are the 4 Macromolecules of life? • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Nucleic Acids • Proteins Each macromolecule is made of different monomers!

  7. Carbohydrates Made of: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1 ratio) Function: Energy!!, structure Functional Unit (subunit): monosaccharide Carbs are sugars, usually end with –ose!! EX: Glucose, sucrose, lactose, cellulose & starch.

  8. Carbohydrates

  9. Lipids Made of: carbon, hydrogen & oxygen (little O) Function: stored energy, structure, protection, hormones Functional Unit (subunit): fatty acids Lipids are fats. Examples: oils, lard, steroids**, ear wax

  10. Other info: 1) fatty acids have 2 distinct ends – Hydrophobic – “doesn’t like water” Hydrophilic – “likes water” 2) 3 classes of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids & waxes

  11. Lipids

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