Penalty Enforcement Part 2: Fouls Simultaneous With The Snap & Dead Ball Fouls

Penalty Enforcement Part 2:Fouls Simultaneous With The Snap & Dead Ball Fouls Mike Pasenelli Capital Area Chapter PIAA Football Officials 26 August 2010

OUR MISSION • Review 2 clarifications from the NFHS • Continue our discussion from last week on penalty administration • Review the rules for: • Fouls simultaneous with the snap • Dead ball fouls • Show that we are familiar with those rules by answering the quiz questions correctly

Agenda • 2 clarifications • Quick review of last week • Fouls simultaneous with the snap • Dead ball fouls

Clarification #1 • A horse-collar is a live-ball foul, even if the act was finished out of bounds • I am of the opinion that it would also apply to the goal line, although it does not explicitly state that

If a player, coach or nonplayer is in the restricted zone while the ball is live but does not contact an official, a warning is issued for the first offense. The second instance results in a five-yard penalty and the third offense results in a 15-yard penalty. A fourth offense will result in another 15-yard penalty and disqualification of the head coach.

Clarification #2 • These are separate fouls • We have a Ken Broome in the first quarter • In the second quarter, an assistant is in the restricted area • We don’t escalate that beyond our normal steps-we give the assistant a sideline warning, then we go to the 5 and 15

Last Week • We reviewed basic spots and the all-but-one principle • We also discussed the differences between running plays and loose-ball plays

All-But-One Principle BASIC SPOT DEFENSIVE FOUL BEHIND BASIC SPOT DEFENSIVE FOUL BEYOND BASIC SPOT OFFENSIVE FOUL BEHIND BASIC SPOT ENFORCED FROM THE SPOT OF THE FOUL OFFENSIVE FOUL BEYOND BASIC SPOT TEAM A DIRECTION

Exceptions To All-But-One • There are some fouls that don’t become fouls until the snap • These fouls also do not have a spot • Example: having only 6 players on the line of scrimmage • This is not a foul until the snap-if they have 11 players, they could shift into a legal formation, or, if they don’t have 11 players, they could get the 11th player onto the field • If Team A commits this foul, there is no place where the foul occurred that we could refer to as a spot

Fouls Simultaneous With The Snap • Illegal formation • Illegal numbering • Illegal shift • Illegal motion • “Form the number with shift motion” • The above fouls are always simultaneous with the snap • Certain types of illegal substitution and illegal participation are also simultaneous with the snap, but we’ll cover them in a separate session

Fouls Simultaneous With The Snap: Penalty Enforcement • The basic spot for all fouls which occur simultaneous with the snap is the previous spot • Since there is no “spot of the foul”, we don’t have any issues with all-but-one: the basic spot and the enforcement spot are the same thing

Dead Ball Fouls • During the game, we have a continual series of live balls and dead balls • We have to know whether the ball is live or dead throughout the game

Continuous Series Of Live/Dead Balls END OF DOWN READY FOR PLAY SNAP OR FREE KICK DEAD BALL LIVE BALL DEAD BALL

Dead Ball Fouls • Sometimes, we are just saying that a foul happened to take place while the ball was dead • For example, a foul such as fighting could take place while the ball was live or while it was dead • Others, such as a late hit, by definition occur after the ball is dead • There are certain dead ball fouls that kill all action and cause the ball to remain dead • Those fouls can only take place during a dead ball interval

Fouls That Keep the Ball Dead • False start • Snap infraction • Delay of game • Free kick infraction • Encroachment • “False snaps delay free kick encroachments” • There are certain types of substitution and participation that also keep the ball dead, but we’ll go over those at a later time

Dead Ball Fouls • Are never part of double or multiple fouls • Per 10-2-5, they are administered separately and in their order of occurrence • However, if we don’t know the order in which they occurred, or they occurred simultaneously against both teams, we cancel them, per 9.4.1A and 10.2.5B • Enforcement of penalties for dead ball fouls is separate from the enforcement of any live ball fouls or other dead ball fouls, per 10-1-3 and 10-1-4

Dead Ball Fouls • The basic spot for a dead ball foul is the succeeding spot • The spot where the ball will next be put into play, either by a snap or a free kick, per 2-41-10 • The down is not replayed as a result of a dead ball foul • In many cases, the succeeding spot is simply the dead ball spot, but it can be different if the ball has been relocated by a penalty

Situation #1 (Redding Study Guide page 149) • A 3/10 @ A-30. A1 runs to the A-40 where he is down. During the run, B2 commits a 5-yard face mask foul, and after the down is over, A3 commits a late hit. • RULING: We enforce the face mask penalty at the end of the run, moving the ball from the A-40 to the A-45. A has now gained a first down. Then we enforce the dead ball foul, moving A from the A-45 to the A-30. A 1/10 @ A-30.

Situation #2 (Redding Study Guide 11.2) • A 1/10 @ B-45. A1 is illegally in motion at the snap. A2 runs for a 10 yard gain to the B-35. After the ball is dead, A3 and A4 both commit personal fouls. • RULING: All 3 penalties will be enforced. The penalty for the illegal motion moves the ball to the 50. The penalty for the 1st dead ball foul places the ball back at the A-35, then the 2nd dead ball foul moves the ball back to the A-20. A 1/45 @ A-20.

Situation #3 (Redding Study Guide 11.38) • A 2/7 @ A-45. A1’s run gains 3 yard to the A-48 where he is down. After the play is over, A2 commits a personal foul and then B3 commits a late hit. • RULING: Team A’s penalty takes the ball from the A-48 to the A-33; then B’s penalty take returns the ball to the A-48. A 3 /4 @ A-48.

Situation #4 (Redding Study Guide 11.37) • A 2/7 @ A-45. A1’s run gains 3 yard to the A-48 where he is down. After the play is over, B3 commits a late hit and then A2 commits a personal foul. • RULING: Enforce the penalties for both fouls in order of occurrence. Team B’s penalty takes the ball from the A-48 to the B-37, yielding a new series since it leave A beyond the line-to-gain after enforcement. Then, A’s penalty moves the ball back to the A-48. A 1/10 @ A-48.

Dead Ball Fouls And First Downs • If any interim succeeding spot, such as in the previous examples, is beyond the line-to-gain, a new series is awarded to A, per 5-2-5b • That will be most likely to occur when B’s foul is enforced first

Situation #5 (Redding Study Guide 11.3) • A 3/10 @ B-40. A1 runs to the B-35 where he is down. After the ball is dead: • a. B2 unnecessarily knocks down A3 and A4 retaliates with a hard shove; • b. A2 unnecessarily knocks down B3 and B4 retaliates with a hard shove. • RULING: In a, the penalty for B2’s foul is first enforced to the B-20 where A is awarded a 1st down. The penalty for A4’s foul is then enforced back to the B-35, A 1/10 @ B-35. • In b, the penalty for A2’s foul is first enforced back to the 50. The penalty for B’s foul returns the ball to the B-35, A 4/5 @ B-35.

Situation #6 (9.4.1A) • With the ball on B’s 2-yard line and between downs, a fight starts between A1 and B1. The officials do not know which player struck the first blow. • RULING: Disqualify both A1 and B1 and signal personal fouls against each team, but do not enforce any yardage penalty. In this situation, because it is impossible to enforce the dead-ball foul penalties in the order in which the fouls occurred, an arbitrary choice of one of them would lead to inequities due to the half-the-distance provision in penalty enforcement. (2-11; 10-2-5)

Situation #7 (10.2.5B Modified) • A varsity game ends in a tie. Immediately following the final whistle, there is a fight between A1 and B1 and: • (a) none of the officials observed which player actually struck the first blow; or • (b) A1 struck B1 who retaliated; or • (c) B1 first struck A1 who retaliated. • In (a), (b) and (c), A wins the toss and elects to go on defense first. • RULING: In (a), (b) and (c), A1 and B1 will be disqualified for fighting and they may not participate in the overtime. • In (a), because it was not possible to determine which player started the fight, there will be no penalty measurement. • In (b), the fouls will be penalized in the order of occurrence with the penalty against A being half the distance to the goal line. From there, B will be penalized 15 yards and will put the ball in play, first and goal, from the 20-yard line. • In (c), because B was first to foul, it will be penalized back to the 25 and from there the penalty for the foul by A measured half the distance to the goal. B will put the ball in play, first and goal, from the 12½. (2-11; 10-4-4)

Situation #8 (9.4.1B) • A 3/1 @ A-10. B1 tackles A1 with a hard legal tackle at the line of scrimmage. A1, feeling the tackle was unjustly harsh, jumps to his feet and attacks B1, delivering blows with his fist. In response, B1 directs a profanity toward A1. • RULING: Since the acts that were flagged did not occur simultaneously and one was in response to the other, the penalties shall be administered in the order that they occurred. Consequently, A would be penalized half the distance to the goal (5-yard line). B would then be penalized 15 yards. A1 shall be disqualified for fighting; B1 would remain in the game unless the officials determined his reaction was flagrant. It’s A 1/10 @ A-20. (2-11; 9-8-1 Penalty; 10-3-4)

Live Ball Fouls Treated As Dead Ball Fouls • Non-player and unsportsmanlike fouls, even though they may occur while the ball is live, are treated as dead ball fouls. • Penalties for these fouls are enforced in the order of their occurrence, regardless of any other fouls by either team, and they do not affect the result of the play during which they occur • Thus, for the purposes of penalty enforcement, they are treated as if they had taken place while the ball was dead and are always penalized from the succeeding spot.

Live Ball Fouls Treated As Dead Ball Fouls (cont.) • If a USC foul occurs during a scoring play, the score counts: • A runner who has outdistanced his opposition and taunts his pursuers just before he crosses the goal line • This is a live ball USC foul, but it is treated as if it happened while the the ball was dead: the touchdown counts and the penalty is enforced on the try or the succeeding kickoff.

Penalty Enforcement on Scoring Play Rules 8-2-2, 8-2-3, 8-2-4, 8-2-5, 10-5-1f

OUR MISSION • Review 2 clarifications from the NFHS • Continue our discussion from last week on penalty administration • Review the rules for: • Fouls simultaneous with the snap • Dead ball fouls • Show that we are familiar with those rules by answering the quiz questions correctly

Penalty Enforcement Part 2: Fouls Simultaneous With The Snap & Dead Ball Fouls