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Chapter 18

Chapter 18 . The Progressive Movement . Objectives . Discuss the rise of the progressive movement Evaluate the impact of the initiative, referendum, and recall of the seventeenth amendment Section 2 Describe various efforts to regulate and concentrate corporate power

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement

  2. Objectives • Discuss the rise of the progressive movement • Evaluate the impact of the initiative, referendum, and recall of the seventeenth amendment • Section 2 • Describe various efforts to regulate and concentrate corporate power • Discuss Theodore Roosevelt’s interest in environmental conservation

  3. Objectives • Section 3 • Explain how T. Roosevelt helped Taft get elected • Discuss why progressives were disappointed with Taft as President • Section 4 • Describe Wilson’s economic and social reforms • Evaluate the legacy of the Progressive movement

  4. Square Deal Northern Securities Trust Buster United Mine Workers Strike Arbitration T.R wants the government to play this role Gentlemen’s Agreement Hepburn Act Upton Sinclair Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Newland Reclamation Act Expedition Act Key Terms

  5. Key Terms • Syndicate • Joseph G. Cannon • Insubordination • Ballinger-Pinchot • Children’s Bureau • Mann-Elkins Act • Payne-Aldrich Tariff

  6. Progressivism Muckraker Jacob Riis Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens Frederick W Taylor Commission Plan Robert Lafollette Direct Primary Initiative Referendum Recall 17th amendment Suffrage National Americans Woman Suffrage Association Alice Paul Carrie Chapman Catt Key Terms

  7. 19th amendment The Bitter Cry of Children Temperance movement Prohibition Women’s Christian Temperance Movement Alice Paul Socialism Eugene V. Debbs Elizabeth Cady Stanton Seneca Falls Convention American Women Suffrage Association American Suffrage Association Key Terms

  8. Progressive Era • America looked for new markets overseas • Age of Imperialism ---- Americas influenced expanded to other countries • Remove corruption from Gilded Age • 1890s- WWI • Reform minded politicians control big business and corruption in government

  9. What all Happened • A splendid little war --- with Spain and U.S because of a quest for colonies • Teddy Roosevelt –first Progressive President • Panama Canal built • Civil Rights for African Americans took step backwards ---Supreme Court and Jim Crow

  10. Progressivism • Americans want reform • Have ideas on fixing problems • Not a uniform • Industrialization and Urbanization • Create social problems • Government needs to fix it !!!

  11. In the Beginning • Did not like laissez-faire economic • What is laissez-faire economics?????? • Doubted free markets ability • Poor, dirty, crime = urban society • Government not ready • Believe in Science and Technology = fixing society

  12. Muckrakers • Journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption • How did they get their name????? • T. Roosevelt’s speech • Articles appear in ----McClure’s, Collier’s • Ida Tarbell---- critical of Standard Oil • Lincoln Steffens---corrupt political practices • The Shame of the Cities • Jacob Riis--- How the Other Half Lives • Poverty, disease, and crime on immigrants

  13. First Focus for Progressives • Fixing the Government---- • Why did it need fixing???? • Solve social problems • Frederick W. Taylor ---- The Principles of Scientific Management • Companies more efficient ----manage time, breaking tasks into small parts, using standardized tools • Want a commission plan • Divided into several departments under a commissioners control • City manager hire specialists to run departments

  14. First Focus for Progressives • Not all believed in less democracy • Robert Lafollette --- direct primary • All party members vote on candidate • Delegate system--- • it was controlled by a political machine ----

  15. 3 New Reforms • Initiative----allowed group of citizens to introduce legislation and require legislature to vote on it • Referendum--- allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to voters for approval • Recall--- voters can demand special election to remove an elected official from office

  16. 17th Amendment • What is an amendment • Progressive favored direct election of Senators • How many Senators does the Constitution state we should have????? • 2 • Why do we need the amendment---- • Political corruption ---influenced who won Senate seat • Direct election --- all state voters vote on Senate • 1913 17th amendment passed

  17. Second Focus • Suffrage • What is it • Who is fighting for it • Women --- • Seneca Falls Convention • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony --- getting women right to vote

  18. “I did not raise my girl to be a voter”

  19. Problems ------ • Accused of being immoral • Physically attacked • Weak because it was tied with abolition • What is abolition ????? • How was it tied? • Women supported right for African-Americans to vote ---- attached themselves to it • 14 and 15 amendments were passed --- wanted women included

  20. Problems----- • Debate over 14 and 15 • Divided movement • National Woman Suffrage Association---Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony—focus on constitutional amendment women to vote • American Women Suffrage Association ---Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe ---convince state governments to give women right to vote before getting a constitutional amendment

  21. Women Gaining Support • 1890 –groups unite form National Woman Suffrage Association • 1910—part of problem was getting women involved • Middle Class Women--Needed to promote social reforms • Working Women--- wanted the vote to ensure passage of labor laws

  22. Women Gaining Support • Alice Paul ---organized Washington March • Want use protest to force Pres. Wilson to take action on suffrage • Too aggressive • left the NAWSA • National Women’s Party • Picket White House, block sidewalks and chain themselves to light poles • Chapman-Catt---Develops “winning plan” puts support of the NAWSA behind Wilson • Did not adopt amendment ---states should allow women to vote

  23. 19th Amendment • Wilson asks for Congress to vote for it • It fails---2 votes • Midterm elections 1918 Catt--- used NAWSA power to defeat 2 anti-suffrage Senators • 1919---- finally get the right to Vote !!!!!!!!!!

  24. Third Focus • Social Welfare---- • Crime, illiteracy, alcohol abuse, child labor • Child Labor --- • Factories unsafe for kids • 1.7 million children under 16 • National Child Labor Committee to abolish child labor • The Bitter Cry of Children--- evidence on abuse of children – • Raised awareness states pass laws that kids need to be in school

  25. Third Focus • Health and Safety Codes • Factories, coal mines, and railroads dangerous • Deaths in a shirt factory because exits were blocked • Outrage and lead to strict building codes to be passed

  26. Third Focus • Prohibition • What is it ??????? • Alcohol responsible for problems • Effects of drinking on families, scarce wages spent on alcohol, drinking lead to physical abuse • Employers –drinking hurt workers ability to work • Temperance Movement developed ---- advocated moderation or elimination of alcohol • Women’s Christian Temperance Movement --- began by reducing alcohol consumption later pressed for prohibition --- • Bans the manufacture sale and consumption

  27. Last but not Least • 4th Focus--- Big Business • Wealth was in hands of too few people • Trusts, holding companies, giant corporations • 2 examples of Progressives dealing with big Business • Sherman Anti Trust and Interstate Commerce Commission

  28. 4th Focus • Socialism --- government should own and operate industry • Government buy large companies --- railroads and utilities • Eugene V. Debs--- American Railway Owner • Candidate for President as the American Socialist Candidate • Fails as most believe in free enterprise

  29. Teddy Roosevelt • 42 --- youngest ever to serve as president • Who was youngest elected???? • Believed U.S was in competition with other nations • Was committed to Progressive reforms • “Every Man shall have a square deal no less no more” • Believed U.S had to change to be efficient and compete against other nations

  30. Teddy and Trust • Admired competition • Some trusts hurt public interest • First Battle—Northern Securities • Threatened the nation as a whole • Violation of Sherman Anti Trust Act • File law suit

  31. Teddy and Trusts • J.P. Morgan • Goes to visit with 2 Senators • Roosevelt proceeds • 1904—Northern Securities v United States • Supreme Court --- agrees • Newspapers call Teddy ---Trust Buster

  32. Problem #1 • Coal Strike 1902 • Head manager • Prevent conflicts • Miner strike • 150,000 walk out • Demanded pay increase, reduction of work, and recognition of union

  33. Coal Strike • Months passed---strikes continue • Coal prices rise • Teddy wants arbitration---- settlement imposed by outside party • Union ----yes • Mine owners---no • Teddy ----Army will run mines • Teddy had established federal government as broker between powerful groups in society

  34. How to deal • Bureau of Corporations • T.R was not opposed to all Big Business • Creates Bureau of Corporations – • Set up to investigate corporations and issue reports • “Gentlemen's Agreement --- • Bureau began to look at U.S. Steel--- • Agreement was --- open books ---fix what is wrong without court

  35. New Law • Hepburn Act--- strengthens interstate Commerce Commission • Gave it power regulate railroads • Ensure did not compete unfairly

  36. Social Welfare • 1905 Consumer protection • Consumers had no way to know ingredients • Food --- • Dangerous preservatives • Upton Sinclair ----The Jungle --- described conditions in meat packing industry --- appalling • Meat Inspection Act– set standards of cleanliness set by Department of Ag. • Pure food and Drug--- sale or manufacture of impure or falsely labeled food or drugs

  37. Conservation • Conserve resources • Newland Reclamation Act—federal funds from public land sales pay for irrigation and development projects • Government began large scale transformation of West’s Landscape • Established 5 new national parks and 51 federal wildlife reservations

  38. T. Roosevelt • Added nature to agenda • Feds will solve America’s problems • Executive Branch power increased • ICC—set rates • Ag. Depart--- inspects food • Bureau of Corps--- monitor businesses • Expedition Act--- antitrust lawsuits

  39. Taft as a Progressive • Roosevelt ---ideal to lead • Served as judge and Governor of Philippines • “I do not like politics” “I do not like the limelight” • Responded slowly and approached from legalistic • Lead to conflict

  40. Taft’s first mistake Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act • Taft---high tariffs limited competition • First move ---lower tariffs • Call on Joseph G. Cannon---speaker • Pushed bill through • Alienates progressives--- • Remove Cannon from power • Sent to Senate –gets support from Nelson Aldrich ---protect high tariffs • Payne-Aldrich Tariffs---- did not cut tariffs and raided them on some things • Progressive outraged “fire had gone out of the Progressive movement ---

  41. Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy • Ballinger --- more of a corporate lawyer • Wanted to make nearly 1 million acres of public forest and mineral reserves available for private development • Pinchot charged Ballinger with having once plotted to turn over valuable public lands in Alaska to private syndicate----business group for personal profit • Takes it to Taft--- decided not • Pinchot ---Congress investigates • Pinchot is fired ---insubordination ---disobedience

  42. Taft’s Mistake • Signed Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Supported Ballinger • Backed Cannon • “sold square deal down the river”

  43. Taft’s Reforms • Brought twice as many anti-trust cases • Children’s Bureau--- investigates problems with child labor • Mann –Elkins Act---- increased regulatory powers of ICC • Bureau of Mines – monitors activities of mine companies • Anti-Trust law suit against U.S Steel for buying Tennessee Coal and Iron –Roosevelt had approved it • Roosevelt broke with Taft --- • Roosevelt reenters politics

  44. Election of 1912 • Republican Party split--- • Roosevelt –Taft had failed the Progressives • Conservative rally behind Taft • Progressives –Roosevelt • Roosevelt declare himself “as fit as a Bull Moose” • Newly formed Progressive Party –Roosevelt is candidate • Becomes a contest between --- bull moose—Roosevelt and Democratic Woodrow Wilson

  45. Wilson • Progressive • Revamped education laws, established utility regulation, and allowed commissioner form of government

  46. Roosevelt vs Wilson • Roosevelt and New Nationalism --- legislation to protect women and children supported workers’ compensation for on job injuries, trade commission to regulate industry • Wilson and New Freedom--- Monopolies were evil, federal government too much power in economy, ---limited government • Wilson Wins

  47. President Woodrow Wilson • First Democrat since 1892 • Taft and Roosevelt split Republican

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