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MAP sector of SEE: A general overview by SWOT analysis

This overview provides a comprehensive analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the MAP sector of South-East Europe. It emphasizes the importance of biodiversity, available stocks of MAP, tradition and knowledge, product quality, favorable conditions for cultivation, settled legislation framework, and research potential. The analysis also highlights the weaknesses, such as insufficiently used resources, insufficient added value, improper management of plant resources, and slow sector development. Opportunities include increasing demand for MAP, biodiversity conservation, value adding, cultivation, education, training, research, collaboration, and increasing export. The overview concludes with recommendations for improving the sector.

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MAP sector of SEE: A general overview by SWOT analysis

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  1. MAP sector of SEE: A general overview by SWOT analysis Prof. dr Zora Dajić Stevanović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture dajic@agrif.bg.ac.rs

  2. SWOT analysis • STRENGTHS • WEAKNESSES • OPPORTUNITIES • THREATS ↓ Recommendations Hypericum montbreti

  3. STRENGHTS • High biodiversity • Available stocks of MAP • Tradition and knowledge • Good product quality • Favorable conditions for cultivation • Settled legislation framework • Research potential

  4. Biodiversity

  5. Available stocks of MAP • Insufficiently used resources • Number of species • Quantities • Areas

  6. Tradition and Knowledge • Long tradition of use • Collector’s plant recognition • Traditional production practices • Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological knowledge

  7. Product quality • Good quality of plant drugs/products • Climate • Soil • Environment

  8. Favorable conditions for MAP cultivation • Climate • Soil • Unpolluted soil, air and water • Available land for farming

  9. In situ and Ex situ conservation legal framework • In situ • Protected areas • Signed/Ratified International Declarations/Directives • National legal framework • Ex situ • Established national Plant Gene Banks • Signed/Ratified International Declarations/Directives • National legal framework

  10. International legislation In situ conservation CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992) Bern Convention (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural habitats, 1979) CITES convention (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973) EC Habitats, Fauna and Flora Directive (1997) Millennium declaration UN and Plan of Agenda 21 Implementation (UN Developmental Program, 2000)

  11. International legislation Ex situ conservation GPA (Global Plan of Action for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and agriculture, FAO 1996) International Treaty for Food and Agriculture (2004) EC Regulation No. 209/91 (1995) Organic production and agricultural goods at EU level

  12. National Legislation

  13. Research potential • Serbia • Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pancic”, Belgrade • Department for sorghum, hops and MAP, Backi Petrovac • Faculties of Pharmacy, Biology, Agriculture, Technology, Forestry and Chemistry of Universities of Belgrade, Novi Sad and Nis • Croatia • University of Zagreb: Faculty of Agriculture and Faculty of Biology • Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split

  14. WEAKNESSES • Collector problem • Structure, Number, Motivation (fair trade) • Improper management of plant resources • Insufficient added value • Slow sector development (underutilized opportunities) • Access information and public awareness

  15. Profile of MAP collector in SEE • Old people in rural areas • Woman and man • Unemployed • Undereducated • Other marginal groups • (Roma, refugees)

  16. Collectors loss

  17. Impacts on biodiversity • Habitat alteration • Loss of grasslands • Deforestation • Habitat fragmentation • Over-harvesting • Endangered species

  18. Key Endangered MAP species in SEE

  19. Main threats to biodiversity Habitat loss and degradation Habitat fragmentation Over-collecting Improper harvest practices Pollution

  20. Management of plant resources • Underdeveloped legislation • Quotas • Taxes and fees • Weak enforcement • Lack of capacities (control and inspection) • Problems in PA management • Centralized management • Control of income from MAP collecting • Regimes for MAP harvesting • No relations with tourism and MAP harvesting • Monitoring and resources assessment

  21. Insufficient added value • Lack of facilities for primary processing/primitive practices • Lack of facilities for diversification of products • Storage, packaging, labeling • Quality control, standardization, certification • Marketing and promotion

  22. Slow sector developmentunderutilized opportunities • Access to foreign markets • Small areas under cultivated MAP • Weak professional associations • Weak relations with research • Poor regional collaboration

  23. On average: 1500-2000 t of MAP exported • Serbia: 5000 t out of MAP 2000 t • Albania: over 7000 t STRUCTURE • Raw material (All SEE countries) • Essential oils (Albania, about 40 t) • Teas (Serbia, Croatia) – regional markets

  24. OPPORTUNITIES • Increasing demand for MAP • Biodiversity conservation in relation to sustainable use of MAP • Value-adding • Cultivation • Education, training, research • Collaboration • Increase of export

  25. Increasing demand for MAP(all in US $) • Global world trade: 60 billion • EU – the biggest world market • import 150.000 t  300 million – annual rate increases for 10% • US – average trade of about 31 million • SEE export of near US $ 80 million • Former Yugoslavia was key supplier of MAP into EU • Serbia today only 2 % of EU market • Period 2005-2007: increase of international trade of 22 %

  26. Global concepts in MAP conservation In situ Protected areas Habitat directive IPA HNVF Ecological networks Emerald Natura 2000 Ex situ Gene Banks Botanical Gardens and Arboretums Cultivation and Reintroduction

  27. Importance of Natura 2000 Protection of species and their habitats in EU independently on borders and politics Priorities of conservation based upon uniformed scientific methodology Strict state control Collaboration with land owners and farmers Supporting sustainable development

  28. Standards in MAP production (collection and cultivation) Guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants(WHO, 2003) Improvement of distribution, abundance, sustainable management and use of MAP International Standard for Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(ISSC-MAP, 2007 by BfN, WWF, TRAFFIC, IUCN) Fair Wild Standards(FairWild Foundation of WWF and Traffic, 2011)

  29. MAP CULTIVATION Many advantages Land use and rural development Acquiring of cultivation technologies Endangered and economically important species Standards implementation Common Agricultural Policy (CAP, 2003) Good Agriculture Practices (GAP, 2003) Good Agriculture and Collection Practices for MAP (GACP, 2003) Organic production standards

  30. THREATS • Further depopulation of rural areas • High fluctuations in demands and prices • Loss of biodiversity • Political instability • Low investments • Excessive credit indebtedness of SMEs

  31. Recommendations

  32. Project ideas for MAP in SEE • Ethnobotany and traditional knowledge on MAP preservation • MAP resources assessment in target areas • Conservation of endangered MAP • MAP endemics • Development of cultivation technologies • New products/processing technologies creation and promotion

  33. Good examples • National level • SERBIAN FLORA • EPCA • Regional level • SEEDNet and ECPGR • AMAPSEEC

  34. Contribution of international PGR programs to MAP conservation in SEE ECPGR MAP WG(2001) Biodiversity conservation of MAP resources In situ, ex situ, on farm, sustainable use Target species (10) Development of descriptors and data bases Collecting, characterization, documentation, evaluation of MAP PGR, research (oregano project) SEEDNetMAP WG (2003) WG strategy on conservation of MAP in SEE Descriptors development, target and mandate species Research projects (yellow gentian and Dalmatian sage)

  35. TARGET species of ECPGR and SEEDNet Gentiana sp. Hypericum perforatum Origanum vulgare Tanacetum cinerariifolium Salvia ssp. Sideritis ssp. Achillea millefolium Arctostaphllos uva ursi Helichrysum ssp. Ocimum ssp. Satureja ssp. Vaccinium ssp. Foeniculum vulgare Carum carvi Thymus ssp. Primula sp. Mentha ssp. Melissa officinalis

  36. Association for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of South East European Countries Established in 2000, registered in Belgrade 500 members, 400 participants from 50 countries in Turkey 6 Scientific Conferences (Serbia, Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Czech, Turkey) 7th Conference: 27-31 May, Subotica, Serbia www.amapseec.org

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